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Studies Flashcards

1
Q

Which studies show the behavioural confirmation effect?

A

Phonecall; Snyder et al. (1977)

Hostility; Snyder & Swann (1978)

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2
Q

Which study shows how people make causal attribution?

A

Diary; Gilovich & Regan (1986)

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3
Q

Which report compared judgements about the self and others?

A

Disposition vs. situation; Pronin (2008)

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4
Q

Which study shows the correspondence bias?

A

Castro’s Cuba; Jones & Harris (1967)

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5
Q

Which studies show the fundamental attribution error?

A

Mood; Forgas (1988)

Quizmasters & Contestants; Ross et al. (1977)

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6
Q

Which study shows the effect of political attitude on the FAE?

A

Liberals vs. conservatives; Skitka et al. (2002)

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7
Q

Which report looked at embarrassment and face?

A

Sabini

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8
Q

Which report explained the findings of Milgram and Asch?

A

Disposition; Sabini

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9
Q

Who developed the Theory of Planned Behaviour?

A

Ajzen, (1988, 1991)

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10
Q

Which study shows attitude-behaviour discrepancy?

A

Face-to-face norms; LaPiere (1934)

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11
Q

Which studies show the importance of correspondence?

A

Environment; Weigel & Newman (1976)

Birth Control; Davidson & Jaccard (1979)

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12
Q

Which additional variables were proposed for TPB?

A

Moral norms; Beck & Ajzen (1991)
Identity-appropriateness; Sparks & Shepherd (1992)
Anticipated regret; Terry, Hogg & White (1999)

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13
Q

Which studies show cognitive dissonance?

A

Forced compliance; Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Grasshopper; Zimbardo et al (1965)
Effort justification; Aronson & Mills (1959)

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14
Q

Which studies show dissonance and arousal?

A

Memory task; Zanna & Cooper (1974)

Essay; Zanna et al. (1976)

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15
Q

Which study utilised hypocrisy manipulations?

A

Commitment & Mindfulness; Stone et al. (1994)

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16
Q

Which studies show affirmation-manipulations?

A

Community project; Steele (1975)
Prejudice; Fein & Spencer (1997)
Consumption; Sivanathan & Pettit (2010)

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17
Q

Which studies show the effects of self-esteem?

A

Anxiety/dysphoria; Strauman et al. (1993)

Anxiety buffer; Greenberg et al. (1992)

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18
Q

Who developed Terror Management Theory?

A

Pyszczynski et al. (1997)

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19
Q

Who developed Sociometer Theory?

A

Leary & Baumeister (2000)

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20
Q

Which report explained positive illusions?

A

Taylor & Brown (1994)

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21
Q

Which studies show the dark side of self-esteem?

A

Stability moderator; Kernis et al. (1989)
Narcissism; Bushman & Baumeister (1998)
Threatened egotism; Baumeister et al. (2000)

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22
Q

Which study shows self-regulation and its effects in later life?

A

The Marshmallow Test; Mischel (1970)

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23
Q

Which studies discuss trait self-control?

A

Success; DeRidder et al. (2012)

Beneficial; Baumeister & Alquist (2009)

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24
Q

Who developed the model of action phases?

A

Heckhausen & Gollwitzer (1987)

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25
Q

Which studies suggest how to improve self-control?

A

Pre-commitment; Arielu et al. (2002)

Self-compassion; Breines & Chen (2012)

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26
Q

Which studies show emotions influencing decisions?

A

Pantyhose; Nisbett & Wilson (1977)

Suspension Bridge; Dutton & Aron (1974)

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27
Q

Which theory relates to mood and memory?

A

Bowers Network Theory (1981)

28
Q

Which studies discuss the helpful/harmfulness of emotions in decision making?

A

Deficiency vs. excess; Lowenstein (2010)

Indirect effects; Baumeister et al. (2007)

29
Q

Which study demonstrated norm formation?

A

Autokinetic effect; Sherif (1935, 1936)

30
Q

Which study demonstrated yielding to the majority?

A

Asch paradigm; line length

31
Q

Which study discussed the features of yielding?

A

Jahoda (1959)

32
Q

Which study discussed social uniformity and comparison?

A

Festinger (1954)

33
Q

Which study compared normative and informational influences?

A

Turner (1991)

34
Q

Which study explored the types of group deviate?

A

Schachter (1951)

35
Q

Which study shows the influence of a minority?

A

Colour slides; Moscovici, Lage & Naffrechoux (1969)

36
Q

Which study shows the indirect effect of minorities?

A

Wood et al. (1994)

37
Q

Which 3 models explain the processing of majority and minority views?

A

Source Context Elaboration; Martin & Hewstone (2008)
Types of Thinking; Nemeth
Group Membership; David & Turner (1996)

38
Q

What are the theories of collective behaviour?

A

Group mind; Gustave Le Bon (1895)
Individualism; Allport (1924)
Interactionism; Gestalt, Sherif
Self-categorisation; Tajfel et al. (1971), Turner et al. (1987)

39
Q

Which studies show that emotions are social?

A

Bowling; Kraut & Johnston (1979)

Emotions as Social Information Model; Van Kleef (2009)

40
Q

Which studies show emotion contagion?

A

Botox; Neal et al. (2011), Davis et al. (2011)
Facebook; Kramer et al. (2014)
Facial feedback; Strack et al. (1988)

41
Q

Which study shows group emotion transmission?

A

Ripple effect; Barsade (2012)

42
Q

Which studies explore sharing emotions?

A

9/10 emotional events; Rimé (1991)
Long/short-term benefits; Rimé (2009)
Co-rumination; Rose (2007)

43
Q

Which study shows the effects of emotions in relationships?

A

Marriage; Gottman & Levenson (2000)

44
Q

Which studies observe racism using non-reactive methodology?

A

Word associations; Dovidio, Evans & Tyler (1986)

Shooting game; Corell et al (2007)

45
Q

Which study shows the effect of stereotype categorisation and interpretation?

A

Woman’s test score; Darley & Gross (1983)

46
Q

Which study shows the effect of stereotypes on memory and recall?

A

Betty K; Snyder & Uranowitz (1978)

47
Q

Which study shows the effect of stereotypes on information gathering?

A

Confirmatory Hypothesis Testing; Snyder & Swann (1978)

48
Q

Which study shows the effect of stereotypes on our own behaviour?

A

Self-fulfilling prophecy; Word, Zanna & Cooper (1974)

49
Q

Which factors can effect the use of stereotypes?

A

Mental shortcuts; Bodenhausen (1990)

Mood; Bodenhausen et al. (1994)

50
Q

Which study shows the effect of affect in prejudice?

A

Underlying affect; Cottrell & Neuberg (2005)

51
Q

Which study shows the effect of stereotype context?

A

In-group vs. outgroup; Haslam (1992)

52
Q

Who developed Social Identity Theory?

A

Tajfel

53
Q

Which studies show the functions of stereotypes?

A

System justifications; Jost & Banaji (1994)

Predictions; Hoffman & Hurst (1990)

54
Q

Who developed the stereotype content model?

A

Fiske et al. (2002, 2007)

55
Q

Who developed image theory?

A

Alexander et al. (1999)

56
Q

Which study shows the automatic activation of stereotypes?

A

African Stereotype; Devine (1989)

57
Q

Which study shows prejudice with compunction?

A

Say NO; Kawakami et al. (2000)

58
Q

Which studies show the rebound effect?

A

White bears; Werner (1992)

Skinheads; Macrae et al. (1994)

59
Q

Which study says the rebound effect is not inevitable?

A

Prejudice; Monteith

60
Q

Which study shows the cultural differences in the theory self-construals?

A

Who am I?; Markus & Kitayama (1991)

61
Q

Which study shows the influence of self-construals on emotion, cognition and motivation?

A

Matsumoto (1999)

62
Q

What is the revised theory of self-construals?

A

Implicit model of self-hood; Katayama (2009)

63
Q

Which study shows the effect of culture on the FAE?

A

Importance of other-construals; Miller (1984)

64
Q

Which study explains the difference between east asian and westerners attributions?

A

Type of thinking; Nisbett (2001)

65
Q

Which study explored cultural differences in displays rules?

A

experience intensity; Matsumoto et al (2002)

66
Q

Which study explored the factors determining relationship choice?

A

individual desirability; Shackelford et al. (2005)

Social (8 decks)

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