Studies

Question 1

What is the nativeness principle?

Answer 1

The goal is to sound like a native speaker

Question 2

What is the Intelligibility principle?

Answer 2

An accent is not a bad thing
Threshold Level :
- Sufficient command of pronunciation
- Sufficient vocabulary
- Perfect grammar
- Appropriate pragmatical use of language

Question 3

What is an inductive approach?

Answer 3

learning going from context to rules

Question 4

What is a deductive approach?

Answer 4

learning going from rules to context

Question 5

What are the learner’s variables that affect the teaching of pronunciation?

Answer 5

• Age
• Exposure to L2
• Background knowledge
• Aptitude
• Attitude and motivation
• Role of learner’s L1

Question 6

What are the Institutional and setting variables that affect the teaching of pronunciation?

Answer 6

• Setting/context (ESL/EFL)
• National language policy
• Curriculum and materials
• Class size and time allotment

Question 7

Is age affect language pronunciation?

Answer 7

Theories such as CAH and Sensitive Period do think so.
Other factors come with age (exposure, linguistic expectation, ego permeability, attitude, motivation, and time)

Question 8

Is CAH still considered?

Answer 8

It is somewhat downplayed. The number of success stories is not infrequent, though Scovel (1988) does acknowledge that the judgment on adults’ accents is less critical and overhyped.

Question 9

What differentiates EFL and ESL from one another?

Answer 9

ESL
* Official and social status of the L2
* More exposure to L2 – maybe ‘linguistic islands’
* Heterogenous language learners?

EFL
* No apparent social and official status of the L2
* Limited exposure to L2
* Homogeneous language learners?

Question 10

What are the different types of language aptitudes?

Answer 10

1. Phonemic coding ability
2. Grammar sensitivity
3. Inductive language-learning ability
4. Memory

Question 11

According to Schumann, what is integrative motivation

Answer 11

A desire to be socially integrated in the target culture

Question 12

According to Schumann, what is assimilative motivation

Answer 12

A desire to be an indistinguishable member of the target
culture

Question 13

According to Schumann, what is instrumental motivation

Answer 13

Learning a second language to achieve a goal (e. g., job
promotion)

Question 14

What is Ego permeability?

Answer 14

The extent to which the ego can be flexible and adapt

Question 15

According to Schumann, what are the roles of social variables?

Answer 15

Factors concerned with the lg learning of a group of people

Question 16

According to Schumann, what are the roles of affective variables?

Answer 16

Factors concerned with individual differences

Question 17

What are the theories on the role of L1 un L2 acquisition?

Answer 17

1. The contrastive analysis hypothesis
2. Error analysis and avoidance
3. The interlanguage hypothesis
4. Markedness theory
5. Language universals
6. Information processing theory

Question 18

What are the five phases of a pronunciation lesson plan?

Answer 18

1. description and analyses
2. listening discrimination
3. controlled practice
4. guided practice
5. communication practice