Segmentals

Question 1

What is a phoneme?

Answer 1

Sound differences that alter the meaning.

Question 2

What is an allophone?

Answer 2

A set of similar sounds that occur in different phonetic contexts but do not change the meaning of a word.

Question 3

What are the three properties to describe and categorize consonants?

Answer 3

1. Voicing
2. Place of articulation
3. Manner of articulation

Question 4

What is voicing?

Answer 4

Whether the vocal cords are vibrating or not

Question 5

What is the place of articulation?

Answer 5

Where the sound is made

Question 6

What is the manner of articulation?

Answer 6

How is the airflow affected

Question 7

What are the 2 broad groups of manners?

Answer 7

Obstruents and sonorants

Question 8

VOICED

Answer 8

when the vocals cords ar vibrating

Question 9

VOICELESS

Answer 9

when the vocal cords are not vibrating

Question 10

BILABIAL

Answer 10

articulated with both lips [p, b, m]

Question 11

LABIO-DENTAL

Answer 11

with the lower lip (labial) and upper teeth (dental) coming into contact with each other. [f, v]

Question 12

INTER-DENTAL

Answer 12

With the tongue tip on or near the inner surface of the upper teeth. [θ, ð]

Question 13

ALVEOLAR

Answer 13

produced with the tongue tip on or near the tooth ridge. [t,d,s,z,n,l]

Question 14

PALATAL

Answer 14

produced with the tongue blade or body on or near the hard palatal [ʃ, ʒ, ɹ, j]

Question 15

VELAR

Answer 15

produced with the tongue body on or near the soft palatal [k, g, ŋ, w]

Question 16

GLOTTAL

Answer 16

produced with air passing from the windpipe through the vocal cords [h, ʔ]

Question 17

STOP

Answer 17

when the vocal tract is closed and the airflow is blocked as it leaves the body [p, b, t, d, k, g, ʔ]

Question 18

FRICATIVE

Answer 18

close stricture that creates friction when air is released. [f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, h]

Question 19

AFFRICATE

Answer 19

Start with producing a plosive and blending immediately into a fricative. [tʃ, tʒ]

Question 20

NASAL

Answer 20

Air is released through the nasal passages. [m, n, ŋ]

Question 21

GLIDE

Answer 21

essentially produced like tiny vowels [j, w]

Question 22

LIQUID

Answer 22

airflow is allowed to continue through the vocal tract relatively uninhibited [l, ɹ]

Question 23

what are sonorants?

Answer 23

Speech sounds created by continuous and unobstructed airflow through the vocal tract
(consonants and vowels)

Question 24

what are obstruents?

Answer 24

Speech sounds created by obstructing the airflow in the vocal tract
(all consonants)

Question 25

Resonants are also called…

Answer 25

Sonorants

Question 26

APPROXIMANT

Answer 26

Close proximity of the articulators without causing any closure or friction. (includes liquids and glides)

Question 27

What is the Maximal Onset Principle?

Answer 27

The onset should have the most C authorized