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DENH 640 Restorative Dentistry I > Studevant's Chapter 1 Clinical Significance of Dental Anatomy, Histology, Physiology, and Occlusion > Flashcards

Studevant's Chapter 1 Clinical Significance of Dental Anatomy, Histology, Physiology, and Occlusion Flashcards

1
Q

The human dentition is called?

A

Omnivorous

Because the diet consists of animal and plant foods

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2
Q

Incisors are used to?

A

Shear (cut through) foods

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3
Q

Canines function to?

A

seizing, piercing, tearing and cutting of food

provide lip support and speech (phonetics) and esthetics

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4
Q

Premolars function to?

A

tear and grind food
(having qualities of both canines and molars)
provide lip support and crucial in esthetics

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5
Q

Molars function to?

A

crush, grind, and chew food for swallowing

maintain vertical dimension of the face

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6
Q

What are the 3 structures of teeth?

A

Enamel, Pulp-Dentin, Cementum

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7
Q

Amelogenesis

A

Enamel formation caused by ameloblasts

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8
Q

Fissure

A

non coalesced developmental lobes that create a deep invagination in the deep groove area of enamel

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9
Q

Pit

A

non coalesced enamel at the deepest point of a fossa

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10
Q

What are the constituents of enamel?

A

Inorganic material or mineralized (calcium hydroxyapatite) 96%
Organic matrix proteins 1%
Water 3%

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11
Q

Incremental striae of Retzius

A

Growth rings that form during amelogenesis

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12
Q

Imbrication lines of Pickerill

A

alternating grooves that are formed when the growth rings at the enamel are incomplete

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13
Q

Perikymata

A

Elevations between the grooves/lines of Pickerill

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14
Q

Hunter Schreger Bands

A

Where the direction of the enamel rods change

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15
Q

Nasmyth membrane

A

A membrane that covers a newly erupted tooth and is worn away by mastication and cleaning

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16
Q

Pellicle

A

replaces the nasmyth membrane by way of salivary proteins

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17
Q

Enamel Maturation

A

where the permeability of enamel decreases with age because of the changes in the enamel matrix

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18
Q

What are the 4 functions of the pulp?

A

formative (developmental)
nutritive
sensory (protective)
defensive/reparative

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19
Q

Pulp has 2 parts

A

The coronal portion (in the crown portion of the tooth)

The radicular portion (in the root portion of the tooth)

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20
Q

What is dentinogenesis?

A

Dentin formation

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21
Q

What cell bodies create dentin?

A

Odontoblasts

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22
Q

What are the odontoblastic processes that cross into the DEJ in the enamel called?

A

Enamel Spindles

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23
Q

Where is predentin located?

A

Next to the cell bodies of odontoblasts

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24
Q

What is primary dentin?

A

The dentin that forms the initial shape fo the tooth

25
Q

What are the constituents of Dentin?

A

70% Inorganic
20% Organic
10% Water

26
Q

What is the hydrodynamic theory?

A

Stimulus initiated rapid tubular fluid movement within the dentinal tubules that account for nerve depolarization

27
Q

Reversible pulpitis?

A

mild to moderate injury causing a reversible inflammatory response when pathology is removed

28
Q

Irreversible pulpitis?

A

Severe injury that causes irreversible inflammatory response

29
Q

What forms cementum?

A

Cementoblasts

30
Q

What are the constituents of Cementum?

A

45-50% inorganic material

50-55% organic material: collagen and protein polysaccharides

31
Q

What is the difference between acellular and cellular cementum?

A

Acellular: Coronal half of root
Cellular: Apical half of the root

32
Q

What is the CEJ?

A

Cementoenamel Junction, where the cementum meets enamel

33
Q

What are the 4 main functions of teeth?

A

Mastication
Esthetics
Speech
Protection of supporting tissues

34
Q

What does the proximal height of contour provide?

A

contacts with proximal surfaces of adjacent teeth

adequate embrasure space apical to contact for gingival tissue

35
Q

What is the tissue called between each gingival embrasure?

A

Gingival or interdental papilla

36
Q

What are the 4 functions of the periodontal ligament?

A

Attachment and support
Sensory
Nutritive
Homeostatic

37
Q

Principle fibers of the ligament serve to?

A

Connect cementum to the alveolar bone to suspend and support the tooth

38
Q

What does occlusion mean?

A

Closing; The contact of the teeth in opposing dental arches when the jaws are closed.

39
Q

What is tooth contact called during mandibular movement?

A

Dynamic occlusal relationship

40
Q

The central groove separates what cusps?

A

The facial from the lingual cusps

41
Q

What are the depressions between cusps called?

A

fossae (fossa)

42
Q

What are functional cusps?

A

The cusps that contact opposing teeth along the central fossa occlusal line

43
Q

Each cusp has four ridges, what are they?

A

Outer Incline (facial or lingual ridge)
Inner Incline (triangular ridge)
Mesial cusp ridge
Distal cusp ridge

44
Q

What are non functional cusps?

A

The cusps that overlap opposing teeth

45
Q

What is MI?

A

Maximum Intercuspation, where the position of the mandible is when it is in full contact with a persons full dentition

46
Q

What depression does the mandible articulate with the temporal bone at?

A

The glenoid fossa

47
Q

Function of the enamel?

A

To protect the dentin and the pulp?

48
Q

The enamel is the ____ substance in the body?

A

Hardest

49
Q

What is the elastic modulus?

A

a quantity that measures an object or substances resistance to being deformed elastically when a stress is applied to it (High: Stiff, Low: Flexible)

50
Q

What is compressive strength?

A

the resistance of a material to breaking under pressure

51
Q

What is tensile strength?

A

is the maximum strength a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking or deforming

52
Q

Enamel is both strong and brittle. Enamel has ___ elastic modulus, ___ compressive strength and ___ tensile strength?

A

high
high
low

53
Q

Dentin is strong and resilient. Dentin and ___ elastic modulus, ___ compressive strength, and ___ tensile strength?

A

low
high
high

54
Q

What are the four functions of pulp?

A

Formative,
Nutritive,
Sensory (Protective),
Reparative

55
Q

What is the coronal pulp?

A

The pulp that is located in the crown of the tooth

56
Q

What is the pulp called in the roots of the teeth?

A

Radicular pulp

57
Q

What is the opening from the pulp into the PDL near the apex of each tooth called?

A

Apical foramen

58
Q

What are Sharpey Fibers?

A

Collagen fibers from the PDL that are partially inserted into the outer surface of the cementum at 90 degrees or perpendicular

DENH 640 Restorative Dentistry I (3 decks)

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