Students With Learning Disabilities (LD) Flashcards
Why is LD an exclusionary term?
LD can occur with other disabilities, but the learning problems must NOT be PRIMARILY the result of the other disability or condition
What does specific Learning Disability mean?
A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language; may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do math.
What is a common characteristic of LD?
Specific and significant achievement deficits in the presence of adequate overall intelligence.
What is dysgraphia?
Impairment of writing ability.
What is dysnomia?
Inability to recall names.
What is dyslexia?
Severe difficulty in recognizing and understanding language/reading.
What is dyscalculia?
Impairment with math calculations.
What are the causes of LD?
In most cases, the cause is unknown
In some cases there is evidence of brain injury
There is growing evidence that genetics may account for at least some family linkage with LD
Biochemical imbalance
Impoverished living conditions
What are the cognitive characteristics of LD?
Poor selective attention
Perceptual problems
Short term and long term memory issues
Information processing
What are academic characteristics of LD?
Reading, oral language, written language, and mathematics
What are social emotional characteristics of LD?
Lower self esteem, less accepted by peers, rejected by classmates, lower social status, easily bullied and made fun of, seemingly “not motivated to learn”, external locus of control, learned helplessness
What are behavior characteristics of LD?
Excessive out-of-seat behavior, talk-outs, and physical and verbal aggression.
What are the educational approaches for LD?
Direct Instruction- A comprehensive teacher led approach
Strategy Instruction- Uses techniques, principles, and rules to help students work independently
