Students As Learners Flashcards
Developed the Hierarchy of Needs, which he theorized to be the unconscious desires that motivate people.
Abraham Maslow
Canadian Psychologist who developed the social learning theory.
Albert Bandura
Created the taxonomy of educational objectives and the theory of mastery learning.
Benjamin Bloom
A neutral stimulus becomes associated with a reflex response through conditioning.
Classical Conditioning
Acquiring new knowledge and skills and being able to apply new learning to new situations and draw conclusions from it. The ways students process new information, store knowledge, and retrieve it to apply to new circumstances.
Cognitive Process
Swiss Psychologist who was the first to study cognition in children. He identified stages of developmemt and contributed to schema learning.
Jean Piaget
A constructivist theorist who contributed the three modes of representation to the field of cognitive development.
Jerome Bruner
A pragmatic philosopher who viewed learning as a series of scientific inquiry and experimentation; he advocated real-world experiences and volunteerism.
John Dewey
Acquired intellectual information.
Knowledge
The person who identified the stages of moral development.
Lawrence Kohlberg
Russian psychologist who researched what has become the social development theory; more knowledgeable other (MKO) and Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD).
Lev Vygotsky
Word that means thinking about the learning process.
Metacognition
Provides rewards or punishment as a motivation for desired performance.
Operant Conditioning
Frameworks for understanding in a child’s brain
Schema
When a person believes that he or she is capable of achieving a learning goal.
Self-Efficacy
To maintain control of one’s own emotional responses.
Self-regulate
The abilities to apply what has been learned.
Skills
Applying knowledge to make inferences about new thoughts and ideas.
Transfer
What is strength or weakness in academic functioning that requires extra attention to meet the needs of the student?
Exceptionality
What is the research that indicates that children learn in different ways?
Learning Style Research
What is moral domain?
It deals with the acquisition (getting) of morals and values.
What is physical domain?
A term that deals with all aspects of motor skill development. (also called psychomotor domain.
The domain that includes emotions, motivation, and attitudes.
Social Domain
What are accommodations?
Provide students access to the same curriculum as their grade-level peers, but presented in a different way.
What is the act the prohibits discrimination based on disabilities?
Americans with Disabilities Act
What is BICS or Basic interpersonal communication skills?
Conversational English
What is the term used when students slip into native language while speaking their second-language, or vice versa?
Code-switching
What is Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency or CLAP?
The student’s ability to comprehend academic vocabulary in English.
What are cognitive disabilities?
Impairments in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
What is the term used for providing curricula for students based on their individual needs, including learning styles and level?
Differentiation
What is a divergent thinker?
People who think more deeply and differently from other people.
What is an English-language learner (ELL)?
Students whose native language is not English.
What are English Language Proficiency Standards or ELPS?
Objectives that support ESL instruction and increase students’ academic readiness in the content area.
What is exceptionality is education?
A strength or weakness in academic functioning that requires extra attention to meet the needs of the student.
What is an individualized education plan or an IEP?
An annual meeting for each special education student that outlines the student’s learning goals and identifies the accommodations and modifications that will be offered to the student.
What is the act that provides guidelines to schools to help address the individual needs of special education students?
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act or (IDEA)
A student with an IQ greater that 130 is considered what?
Intellectually Gifted
What do students with language impairments have difficulty with?
Comprehension
What are modifications?
Changes made to the curriculum because students are so far behind that they are unable touse the same curriculum as their peers.
What type of disability is characterized by loss of movement?
Motor Disability
What is the name of the disabilities or impirments that require assistance during the school day?
Physical Disabilities
What is the Act that provides services to all students in federally assisted programs who have physical or mental impairments that substantially limit one or more life activities?
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
What is the disorder associated with difficulty forming words?
Speech Disorders
What is the theory when internal attribution is assumed when other people make mistakes or are victims, since individuals tend to see others as a predictable stereotype? When an individual makes a mistake, he or she tends to view the cause as external.
Attribution Theory
What psychologist expanded on operant conditioning but focused on responding to environment instead of responding to stimuli?
B.F. Skinner
What is it called when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a reflex response through conditioning?
Classical Conditioning
What is the theory called when uneasiness is felt when an individual has conflicting thoughts?
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
What is cognitive domain?
Cognitive domain deals with acquiring intellect.
Who was the psychologist whose research initially led to operant conditioning; his learning laws included the law of effect, the law of readiness, and the law of exercise.
Edward Thorndike
What is the word used for inspiring interest or motivation in a student?
Engage or engaging.
Who was the psychologist whose psycho social development focuses on reconciling individual needs with the needs of society through stages?
Erik Erikson
Motivation by external rewards such as trinkets, praise, or recognition, bestowed upon someone for doing a good job.
Extrinsic Motivation
What does a foundational theorist do?
People who provide the framework by which all current knowledge of cognitive processes is based.
What is feedback in education?
Information about a student’s performance.
What is intrinsic motivation?
Any reward that is internally satisfying by doing work that is interesting, challenging, or relevant, or makes them feel successful.
Who coined the term “behaviorism” which objectively measures behavior in response to stimuli?
John Watson
What is the process called by which a new language is learned?
Language Acquisition
What is Motivation Theory?
Explains the driving forces behind conduct.
What is positive enforcement? Give some examples.
Encourages a behavior to continue or improve by providing the student with something he or she values. Examples would be praise, recognition, or rewards.
What is the process called that distracts students from negative behavior by channeling thier attention intoto something positive?
Redirecting
What is the theory that says everyone has a perceived locus of causality?
Self-determination theory
What is the drive from within that inspires a person to work toward something?
Self-motivation
What are visual impairments?
Problems with eyesight such as blindness.
What is the Zone of Proximal Development? (ZPD)
ZPD is the space between what a child can do independently and the learning goal.
