student / women movements

Question 1

reasons for the student movement

Answer 1

1. vietnam war - taxes increased due to increased fundings for vietnam, against republic / lassiez faire policies
   - support of the corrupt vietnamese government in the south just because they were not communist
   - remains of the red scare

Question 2

sds

Answer 2

students for democratic society, started at the university of michigan in 1960
- against the racial injustice, campaign for human rights and war
- involved in sit-ins, freedom riders, teach-ins
- allowed students to have more say in government policies
- paved the way for more anti-war movement

Question 3

berkeley free speech movement

Answer 3

1964-65
- uc berkely put in place policies that did not allow discussion of political topics, and restriction on political activities
- berkely students involved the SDS, made an impact in sit-ins and teach-ins
- 14,000 students were involved, adn the decision ended up revoked

Question 4

mario savio and jack weinberg

Answer 4

• leaders of berkeley free speech movement from 1964-65
• drew lots of media attention to student protests and their powers, inspired other student campaigns
• involved protests against racial discrimination
• change in the role of students in political landscape

Question 5

“make love, not war”

Answer 5

-1960s and 1970s hippie movement, somewhat similar to flapper movement in 1920
- showed an alternative lifestyle based on peace, love, also sharing (communal living)
- equality, no matter gender, race, sexuality etc.
- community of self expression and personal freedom, connections with nature also involved

Question 6

impacts of women’s movement

Answer 6

generated lots of publicity and media attention, showed the strength of young people
- how young people were involved in the political landscape
- again inspired more future student protests

Question 7

causes of the women’s movement

Answer 7

• they were viewed as unequal to men and ‘second class citizens’
• many were not allowed to have jobs, and although they took over men’s jobs in ww1/2, they were forced to give them back after the war (no real change)
• were also paid significantly less in the same jobs
• new technology = women had more free time, more time to think / contemplate their life / rigihts

Question 8

eleanor roosevelt

Answer 8

• helped more women to be elected into congress, pressured her husband
• worked behind the scenes to help women and create policies for their equality
• drafted and adopted universal declaration of human rights, addressing women’s rights and advocating for them
• was “more than just the president’s wife”

Question 9

presidential commission on status of women

Answer 9

• created by eleanor roosevelt in 1961, and she was the first chair of this group
• group was active in helping with women’s rights issues, and introducing things like better funding for education for women and equal employment opportunities

Question 10

“the feminine mystique”

Answer 10

• book published by betty friedan, a catalyst for the women’s movement
• publicised the women’s rights movement, drew public attention to this movement
• book ‘ignited’ the second wave of feminism in the USA

Question 11

NOW

Answer 11

national organisation of women, founded and initially presidented by betty friedan
- advocate for legal change and government reform
- encouraged increased access to birth control/safe abortions
- pushed for legal and societal change, to advance women’s rights
- only middle/upper class women helped, not much impact was made for lower class women

Question 12

impact of women’s movement

Answer 12

• legalisation of abortion 1967
• challenged the perceived gender roles of women and men
• became more acceptable for women to have careers, more women working in 1974

Question 13

equal credit opportunity act

Answer 13

1974 - led to the abolishing of sexual discrimination in education

Question 14

ERA

Answer 14

equal rights amendment
- passed in 1972, even though its been presented to congress since 1923
- for women to be treated completely equally and identical to men under the US constitution

Question 15

opposition to the women’s movement

Answer 15

• verbal abuse and attaacks
• lots of negative media coverage, ridiculing and making fun of protestors
• many preconceived prejudices against women, lack of sympathy for other protest groups
• some women themselves believed heavily in the traditional gender roles, and that their jobs was for family life and towards society

Question 16

phyllis schafly

Answer 16

• leader of the anti-feminist movement
• believed in the traditional roles of women (eg. i the house, helping with family etc.)
• fierce opponent of abortion

Question 17

“stop ERA”

Answer 17

• founded by phyllis schafly
• argued that ERA would take away gender-specific privileges, eg. dependency of husband
• take away privilege that women will definitely not be drafted into the millitary
• argued that ERA would take away the importance of family (eg. women dependency on husband)