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Student formulary Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcysteine ADRs

A
  • Anaphylactoid reactions

- Asthma

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2
Q

Acyclovir ADRs

A
  • Eye inflammation / irritation (topical use)
  • GI disturbance (oral use)
  • Neurological reactions (in elderly patients / systemic use)
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3
Q

Indications for adenosine

A

Supraventricular tachycardia

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4
Q

Adenosine ADRs

A
  • Atrioventricular block
  • Arrhythmias
  • Abdo / chest discomfort
  • Anxiety
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5
Q

Route of administration of adenosine

A

IV bolus

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6
Q

Adrenaline ADRs

A
  • Anxiety
  • Arrhythmias
  • Dry mouth
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7
Q

Cautions for adrenaline

A

Atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular disease, cor pulmonale

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8
Q

Alteplase indications

A

MI (second line to PCI)

Massive PE

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9
Q

Alteplase ADRs

A
  • Haemorrhage (including stroke)

- Anaphylactic reactions

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10
Q

Amiodarone indications

A

VT, VF, BCT, AF and SVT

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11
Q

Half life of amiodarone

A

Long

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12
Q

Amiodarone ADRs

A
  • Pulmonary fibrosis
  • Thyroid toxicity
  • Torsade de pointes (potentially fatal arrhythmia)
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13
Q

Cautions in amiodarone

A

Iodine sensitivity or thyroid disease

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14
Q

Amitriptyline indications

A

Neuropathic pain
Migraine prophylaxis
Major depression (not first line)

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15
Q

Amitriptyline MOA

A

Inhibition of serotonin and noradrenaline transporters. Increased halflife of these neurotransmitters in synaptic cleft leads to therapeutic effects observed.

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16
Q

Amitriptyline ADRs

A
  • Anticholinergic syndrome
  • Drowsiness
  • QT prolongation
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17
Q

Amitriptyline cautions

A

Arrhythmias
Heart block
Mania

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18
Q

Amlodipine MOA

A

Ca channel blocker. Causes vasodilation and some negative chronotropy and inotropy

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19
Q

Amlodipine ADRs

A
  • Ankle swelling
  • Constipation
  • Flushing
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20
Q

Amlodipine cautions

A

Decompensating heart failure (contraindication)
Aortic stenosis
Elderly (can exacerbate postural hypotension)

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21
Q

Amoxicillin ADRs

A
  • Diarrhoea
  • Hypersensivity
  • Skin reactions
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22
Q

Amoxicillin ADRs

A

Hypersensitivity

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23
Q

Beclomethasone ADRs

A

Cushings, immunosupression, opportunistic oral infection

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24
Q

Bendroflumethiazide ADRs

A
  • Hypokalaemia (increased urinary Na+ drives K+ secretion)
  • Hypochloraemic alkalosis
  • Postural hypotension
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25
Q

Bendroflumethiazide in elderly patients

A

Consider lower dose

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26
Q

Conditions that may be worsened by bendroflumethiazide

A

Diabetes, gout, SLE

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27
Q

Bisoprolol ADRs

A
  • Peripheral coldness
  • Bradycardia
  • Sleep disturbances
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28
Q

Bisoprolol cautions

A

Asthma (contraindicated)
Cardiogenic shock (contraindicated)
Hypotension / bradycardia

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29
Q

Bromocriptine indications

A
  • Reduces symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD)
  • Prevention or suppression of lactation
  • Slows progression of acromegaly
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30
Q

Bromocriptine MOA

A

Dopamine receptor agonist

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31
Q

Bromocriptine ADRs

A
  • Constipation
  • Drowsiness
  • Headache
  • Impulse control disorders
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32
Q

Bupivacaine ADRs

A
  • Arrhythmias
  • Dizziness
  • CNS toxicity (at high dose)
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33
Q

Cautions in antacids

A

Hypophosphatemia (contraindication)
Sarcoidosis
Kidney stones

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34
Q

Cabergoline MOA

A

Dopamine agonist

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35
Q

Cabergoline indications

A

Inhibition of lactation

Parkinsons

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36
Q

Cabergoline ADRs

A
  • Angina (like symptoms)
  • Cardiac valvulopathy
  • Asthenia (and fatigue)
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37
Q

Cabergoline cautions

A
  • Caution if cardiovascular risks/disease
  • Caution if significant mental health disorder (e.g., psychosis)
  • Caution if history of peptic ulcers
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38
Q

Candesartan cautions

A
  • Contra-indicated if renal artery stenosis
  • Caution if history of angioedema
  • Caution in black patients (lack of efficacy)
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39
Q

Carbamazepine indications

A

Seizure prophylaxis
Neuropathic pain
Bipolar prophylaxis

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40
Q

Carbamazepine ADRs

A
  • Drowsiness
  • Diplopia
  • Dizziness
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41
Q

Carbamazepine cautions

A
  • cardiac disease
  • May exacerbate absence seizures
  • acute porphyria (contraindication)
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42
Q

Carbimazole ADRs

A

Skin rashes, agranulocytosis

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43
Q

Carbimazole cautions

A

Severe haematological disorders

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44
Q

Association between cetirizine and drowsiness

A

Low

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45
Q

Citalopram ADRs

A
  • Anxiety
  • Appetite disturbances
  • Arrhythmias
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46
Q

Citalopram cautions

A

Prolonged QT
Poorly controlled epilepsy
Mania

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47
Q

Clarithromycin class

A

Macrolide antibiotic, protein synthesis inhibitor

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48
Q

Clarithromycin ADRs

A
  • Decreased appetite
  • Diarrhoea
  • GI disturbances
  • Prolonged QT
  • May aggravate myasthenia gravis
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49
Q

Clopidogrel ADRs

A
  • Haemorrhage
  • Diarrhoea / GI disturbances
  • Skin reactions
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50
Q

Clotrimazole indication

A

Thrush

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51
Q

Clotrimazole ADRs

A
  • Skin reaction (topical use)
  • Discomfort (if used vaginally)
  • Pain (local to area)
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52
Q

Clotrimazole cautions

A

Use with caution intravaginally in young females

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53
Q

Clozapine ADRs

A
  • Agitation
  • QT elongation
  • Weight gain
  • Constipation
  • Agranulocytosis
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54
Q

Cyclizine MOA

A

Antihistamine

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55
Q

Cyclizine ADRs

A

Dry mouth

Drowsiness

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56
Q

Cyclizine cautions

A

Epilepsy

Glaucoma (or family history of glaucoma)

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57
Q

Cyclophosphamide ADRs

A
  • Agranulocytosis
  • Alopecia
  • Anaemia
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58
Q

Dabigatran ADRs

A
  • Abnormal hepatic function

- Haemorrhage (rarer than with ‘older’ anticoagulants)

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59
Q

Dapagliflozin ADRs

A
  • UTI (due to presence of glucose in urine)
  • DKA (discontinue immediately)
  • Hypoglycaemia
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60
Q

Dapagliflozin cautions

A

High risk of DKA (e.g. previous DKA)

Elderly (risk of fluid depletion)

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61
Q

Diazepam MOA

A

Binds to GABA receptors

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62
Q

Diazepam ADRs

A
  • Confusion
  • Muscle weakness
  • Paradoxical effects (e.g., increased aggression or anxiety)
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63
Q

Diazepam indications

A

Anxiety, panic, muscular spasm, restless leg

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64
Q

Cautions in diazepam

A

Personality disorders

Monitor for paradoxical effects

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65
Q

Digoxin indiactions

A

AF, atrial flutter, congestive heart failure

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66
Q

Digoxin ADRs

A
  • Arrhythmias
  • Nausea & vomiting
  • Confusion & hallucination
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67
Q

How is digoxin excreted?

A

Renally

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68
Q

Diltiazem indication

A

hypertension

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69
Q

Diltiazem MOA

A

Ca channel blocker

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70
Q

Diltiazem ADRs

A
  • Arrhythmias
  • Constipation
  • GI discomfort
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71
Q

Diltiazem cautions

A

Elderly (may cause hypotension)
AV block
Decompensating heart failure (contraindication)

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72
Q

Dobutamine MOA

A

Activation of cardiac beta adrenoceptors (positive inotrope and chronotrope

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73
Q

Dobutamine indications

A

Cardiogenic shock
Some cardiomyopathies
Stress testing

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74
Q

Dobutamine ADRs

A
  • Arrhythmias
  • Hypertension
  • Headaches
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75
Q

Drugs to stop before giving dobutamine

A

Beta blockers

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76
Q

Domperidone indication

A

N&V

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77
Q

Domperidone MOA

A

Dopamine antagonist

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78
Q

Domperidone ADRs

A
  • Dry mouth
  • Hyperprolactinaemia
  • Asthenia (infrequent)
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79
Q

Donepezil indication

A

Mild to moderate Alzhemiers

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80
Q

Donepezil MOA

A

Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor

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81
Q

Donepezil ADRs

A
  • Aggression
  • Agitation
  • Decreased appetite
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82
Q

Doxazocin MOA

A

alpha blocker

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83
Q

Doxazocin indication

A

BPH

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84
Q

Doxazocin ADRs

A
  • Arrhythmias
  • Asthenia
  • Dry mouth
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85
Q

Doxorubicin MOA

A

Topoisomerase inhibitor

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86
Q

Doxorubicin ADRs

A
  • Alopecia
  • Anaemia
  • Cardiomyopathy*
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87
Q

Tests prior to doxorubicin

A

Echo

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88
Q

Doxycycline MOA

A

Tetracycline antibiotic, protein synthesis inhibitor

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89
Q

Doxycycline ADRs

A
  • Angioedema
  • Diarrhoea
  • Headache
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90
Q

Doxycycline cautions

A

Myasthenia, SLE

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91
Q

Esomeprazole ADRs

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Gastrointestinal disturbance
  • Increased risk of fractures in the elderly
  • Increased risk of GI infections
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92
Q

Evolocumab indication

A

Hypercholesterolaemia

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93
Q

Evolocumab MOA

A

Increases cholesterol clearance from blood by blocking LDL degradation

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94
Q

Evolocumab ADRs

A
  • Arthralgia
  • Back pain
  • Hypersensitivity reaction
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95
Q

Evolocumab route of administration

A

SC

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96
Q

Exenatide MOA

A

GLP-1 mimetic

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97
Q

Exenatide ADRs

A
  • Risk of ketoacidosis if used in combination with insulin
  • Appetite & GI disturbances
  • Skin reactions
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98
Q

Antidote to fentanyl

A

Naloxone

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99
Q

Fentanyl contraindication

A
  • Contra-indicated if coma or head injury or raised ICP

- Contra-indicated if acute respiratory depression

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100
Q

Flecainide indications

A

SVT or VT

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101
Q

Flecainide ADRs

A
  • Arrhythmias
  • Asthenia
  • Dizziness
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102
Q

Flecainide cautions

A

Severe LV dysfunction or structural heart disease

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103
Q

Fluconazole ADRs

A
  • GI disturbances
  • Headache
  • Skin reactions
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104
Q

Fluconazole indication

A

Candidal infection

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105
Q

Fluconazole cuations

A

Acute porphyria

Long QT

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106
Q

Fluoxetine ADRs

A
  • Anxiety
  • Appetite disturbances
  • Arrhythmias
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107
Q

Fluoxetine cautions

A
  • Caution if poorly controlled epilepsy
  • Caution or contraindicated if prolonged QT interval on ECG
  • Contra-indicated if patient in manic phase
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108
Q

Fondaparinux ADRs

A
  • Anaemia

- Haemorrhage

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109
Q

Monitoring of furosemide

A

Monitor K+

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110
Q

Gabapentin indications

A

Neuropathic pain
Focal seizures
Unlicensed - anxiety

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111
Q

Gabapentin ADRs

A
  • Anxiety
  • GI disturbances
  • Nystagmus
  • Respiratory depression
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112
Q

Gemeprost indications

A

Termination of pregnancy

Reduction of obstetric bleeding

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113
Q

Gemeprost route of administration

A

Usually vaginal

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114
Q

Gemeprost MOA

A

Prostaglandin E1 analogue which stimulates uterine contractions and ripens cervix

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115
Q

Gemeprost ADRs

A
  • Uterine rupture (rare)
  • Back and/or chest pain
  • Headache
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116
Q

Gemeprost cautions

A

Cervicitis, raised intraocular pressure, uterine scarring, placenta praevia

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117
Q

Gentamicin MOA

A

Glycopeptide antibiotic, protein synthesis inhibitor

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118
Q

Gentamicin ADRs

A
  • Skin reactions
  • Tinnitus
  • Ototoxicity & nephrotoxicity
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119
Q

Gentamicin contraindication

A

Myasthenia gravis, neonates

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120
Q

Gliclazide ADRs

A
  • Hypoglycaemia
  • Abdominal pain
  • Diarrhoea
  • Weight gain
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121
Q

GTN ADRs

A
  • Flushing
  • Headaches
  • Arrhythmias
  • Tolerance
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122
Q

GTN cautions

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, aortic stenosis

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123
Q

Heparin ADRs

A
  • Haemorrhage
  • Thrombocytopaenia
  • Skin reactions
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124
Q

How is heparin efficacy monitored?

A

APTT

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125
Q

Hydralazine use

A

anti-hypertensive

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126
Q

Hydralazine cautions

A
  • Contra-indicated if acute porphyria
  • Contra-indicated if cor pulmonale
  • Contra-indicated if severe tachycardia
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127
Q

Hyoscine indications

A

IBS symptom relief

Reduction of secretions in palliative care

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128
Q

Hyoscine MOA

A

Acetylcholine receptor blocker (anticholinergic)

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129
Q

Hyoscine ADRs

A
  • Constipation
  • Dry mouth
  • Palpitations
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130
Q

Hyoscine cautions

A
  • Contra-indicated for narrow angle closure glaucoma
  • Contra-indicated if GI obstruction
  • Contra-indicated if paralytic ileus
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131
Q

Ibuprofen cautions

A

Active bleeding

History of GI ulcers

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132
Q

Imatinib MOA

A

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor

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133
Q

Imatinib ADRs

A
  • Alopecia
  • GI disturbances
  • Anaemia
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134
Q

Tests prior to starting imatinib

A

Check for dormant Hep B

Check renal function

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135
Q

Route of administration of ipratropium

A

Inhaled nebuliser

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136
Q

Length of action of ipratropium

A

Rapid

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137
Q

Ipratropium ADRs

A
  • Arrhythymias
  • Constipation
  • Dry mouth
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138
Q

Ipratropium cautions

A

History of glaucoma

Bladder outflow obstruction

139
Q

Ivabradine indications

A

Angina. heart failure

140
Q

Ivabradine MOA

A

Inhibits funny current to slow heart rate

141
Q

Ivabradine ADRs

A
  • Arrhythmias
  • Atrioventricular block
  • Hypertension
142
Q

Ivabradine contraindications

A

Cardiogenic shock
Acute MI
Long QT

143
Q

Ketamine indications

A

Anaesthesia, pain, major depression (off licence)

144
Q

Ketamine MOA

A

NMDA antagonist

145
Q

Ketamine ADRs

A
  • Anxiety
  • Behavioural abnormalities
  • Hallucinations
146
Q

Ketamine cautions

A

Shock, head injury, psychotic disorders

147
Q

Lactulose MOA

A

Osmotic laxative

148
Q

Lactulose contraindication

A

GI perforation or obstruction

149
Q

Letrozole ADRs

A
  • Alopecia
  • Appetite disturbances
  • Headaches
150
Q

Levodopa ADRs

A
  • Dopamine-induced hypertension
  • Anxiety
  • Somnolence and/or narcolepsy
  • Dyskinesias
151
Q

Levofloxacin MOA

A

Quinolone antibiotic, DNA synthesis inhibitor

152
Q

Levofloxacin ADRs

A
  • Decreased appetite
  • Muscle weakness
  • Tendon disorders (e.g., Achilles rupture)
153
Q

Levofloxacin cautions

A

History of tendon disorders
Long QT
Myasthenia gravis

154
Q

Levothyroxine ADRs

A
  • Thyrotoxic crisis (uncommon)
  • Tremors
  • Palpitations / arrhythmias
155
Q

Levothyroxine cautions

A

Cardiovascular disease

Pan-hypopituitarism

156
Q

Lidocaine indications

A

Local anaesthetic

Ventricular arrhythmias

157
Q

Lidocaine MOA

A

Blocks Na channels in pain nerves or in cardiac tissue

158
Q

Lidocaine ADRs

A
  • Arrhythmias
  • Neurological effects
  • Blurred vision and/or nystagmus
159
Q

How to treat lidocaine overdose

A

Lipid emulsion infusion

160
Q

Loperamide ADRs

A
  • GI disorders
  • Headache
  • Dizziness (uncommon)
161
Q

Loperamide cautions

A

Contraindicated in ulcerative colitis

162
Q

Loperamide MOA

A

Activates mu opioid receptors in gut to reduce motility and increase transit time

163
Q

Lorazepam indications

A

Anxiety and panic disorders
Conscious sedation
Seizures
Insomnia

164
Q

Lorazepam MOA

A

Up-regulates GABA receptors

165
Q

Lorazepam ADRs

A
  • Drowsiness
  • Confusion
  • Respiratory depression
166
Q

Lorazepam cautions

A

Caution with opioids (risk of severe respiratory depression)
OCD or phobias (not effective treatment)
Pulmonary insufficiency

167
Q

Losartan cautions

A
  • Contra-indicated if renal artery stenosis
  • Caution if history of angioedema
  • Caution in black patients (lack of efficacy)
168
Q

Mannitol ADRs

A
  • Cough
  • Headache
  • Vomiting
169
Q

How is mannitol excreted?

170
Q

Mannitol cautions

A

Contraindicated if blood brain barrier breach or renal failure

171
Q

Mebeverine indications

A

IBS symptom relief

172
Q

Mebeverine contraindications

A

Paralytic ileus

173
Q

Memantine ADRs

A
  • Impaired balance
  • Constipation
  • Drowsiness
174
Q

Memantine cautions

175
Q

Metoclopramide MOA

A

Dopamine antagonist

176
Q

Metoclopramide ADRs

A
  • Asthenia
  • Diarrhoea
  • Parkinsonism
177
Q

Metoclopramide cautions

A

GI surgery
GI obstruction
Parkinsons

178
Q

Metformin ADRs

A
  • Hypoglycaemia
  • Abdominal pain
  • Weight loss
179
Q

Metformin cautions

A

Metabolic acidosis or risk of lactic acidosis

180
Q

Metoprolol indications

A

HTN, angina, AF, SVT, VT

181
Q

Metoprolol ADRs

A
  • Bradycardia
  • Hypotension
  • Erectile dysfunction
182
Q

Metoprolol contraindications

A

Asthma, cardiogenic shock, hypotension, bradycardia

183
Q

Midazolam indications

A

Seizures, conscious sedation

184
Q

Midazolam ADRs

A
  • Confusion
  • Muscle weakness
  • Paradoxical effects (e.g., increased aggression or anxiety)
185
Q

Midazolam cautions

A

Personality disorders, severe muscular weakness

186
Q

Mifepristone indications

A

Termination of pregnancy. Induction of labour

187
Q

Mifepristone MOA

A

Prostaglandin antagonist. This causes cervical ripening, endometrial degeneration and increased myometrial sensitivity

188
Q

Mifepristone ADRs

A
  • Abdominal cramping
  • Vaginal haemorrhage
  • Nausea & vomiting
189
Q

Mifepristone cautions

A

Suspected ectopic (contraindication)
Asthma
Cardiovascular disease

190
Q

Mirtazapine indication

A

Major depression

Anorexia nervosa

191
Q

Mirtazapine ADRs

A
  • Weight gain
  • Drowsiness
  • Confusion
192
Q

Mirtazapine cautions

A

Cardia disorders
Mania or psychosis
Seizures
Glaucoma susceptability

193
Q

Misoprostol indications

A

Abortion
Induction of labour
Post partum haemorrhage
GI ulcers

194
Q

Misoprostol MOA

A

Prostaglandin analogue

195
Q

Misoprostol ADRs

A
  • Chills
  • Headache
  • Nausea & vomiting
196
Q

Misoprostol cautions

A

Placenta praevia (contraindications)
Foetal malpresentation
GI pathology e.g. IBD

197
Q

Moclobemide MOA

A

MOA-B inhibitor

198
Q

Moclobemide indications

A

Depression, anxiety

199
Q

Moclobemide ADRs

A
  • (Paradoxical) anxiety
  • Hypotension
  • Sleep disorders
200
Q

Moclobemide cautions

A

Acute confusion
Bipolar (may trigger mania)
Agitation

201
Q

Montelukast ADRs

A
  • Diarrhoea
  • Upper respiratory tract infections
  • Skin reactions
202
Q

Morphine cautions

A 
Coma / head injury / raised ICP (contraindicated)
Respiratory suppression (contraindicated)
203
Q

Naloxone MOA

A

Opioid antagonist

204
Q

Naloxone ADRs

A
  • Arrhythmias
  • Dizziness
  • Nausea & vomiting
205
Q

Naloxone cautions

A
  • Caution if chronic opioid use (risk of acute withdrawal effects)
  • Naloxone antagonises analgesia
  • Caution if cardiovascular disease
206
Q

Naproxen cautions

A

Asthma, hypersensitivity

207
Q

Tests before naproxen

A

Renal function

208
Q

Medication to consider co-prescribing with naproxen

209
Q

Nicorandil MOA

A

Coronary vasodilator

210
Q

Nicorandil ADRs

A
  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Asthenia
211
Q

Nicorandil cautions

A
  • Contra-indicated if acute pulmonary oedema
  • Contra-indicated if severe hypotension / cardiogenic shock
  • Caution if hyperkalaemia
212
Q

Nitrous oxide ADRs

A

Abdominal distension, dependence

213
Q

Nitrous oxide cautions

A

Recent scuba dive, head injury or pneumothorax

214
Q

Noradrenaline indications

A

Acute hypotension

215
Q

Noradrenaline ADRs

A
  • Acute glaucoma
  • Arrhythmias
  • Rebound bradycardia (due to baroreceptor reflex)
216
Q

Noradrenaline cautions

A
  • Contra-indicated if hypertensive
  • Caution if coronary thromboses
  • Caution if vaso-spastic angina
217
Q

Oestrogen ADRs

A
  • Alopecia
  • Breast tissue abnormalities
  • Weight changes
  • Thromboembolism
  • Stimulates growth of oestrogen-sensitive cancers
218
Q

Olanzapine indications

A

Schizophrenia, mania, bipolar, severe agitation

219
Q

Olanzapine MOA

A

Dopamine antagonist

220
Q

Olanzapine ADRs

A
  • Agitation
  • QT elongation / arrhythmias
  • Movement disorders / muscle rigidity
221
Q

Olanzapine monitoring

A

Monitor drug levels

222
Q

Olanzapine cautions

A

Bone marrow suppression, paralytic ileus

223
Q

Ondansetron indication

224
Q

ondansetron MOA

A

Serotonin receptor antagonist

225
Q

Ondansetron ADRs

A
  • Constipation

- Abnormal sensations (e.g. “feeling hot”)

226
Q

Ondansetron cautions

227
Q

Oseltamivir indication

228
Q

Oseltamivir ADRs

A
  • GI discomfort

- Dizziness

229
Q

Can oseltamivir be used in pregnancy / breastfeeding?

230
Q

Oxycodone cautions

A

Head injury, raised ICP or coma

Respiratory depression

231
Q

Oxytocin indications

A

Induction of labour
Post partum haemorrhage
Facilitation of completion of miscarriage

232
Q

Oxytocin ADRs

A
  • Headache
  • Nausea & vomiting
  • Hypertension (if rapid IV injection)
233
Q

Caution of oxytocin

A

Previous uterine surgery

234
Q

Paclitaxel MOA

A

Microtubule modifier

235
Q

Paclitaxel ADRs

A
  • Alopecia
  • Anaemia
  • GI disturbance & discomfort
236
Q

Penicillin ADRs

A
  • Diarrhoea
  • Hypersensitivity reactions
  • Fever
237
Q

Pethidine cautions

A

Head injury, raised ICP or coma

Respiratory depression

238
Q

Phenylephrine indications

A

Pupil dilator

OTC decongestant

239
Q

Phenylephrine MOA

A

Sympathomimetic

240
Q

Phenylephrine ADRs

A
  • Arrhythmias
  • Eye discomfort
  • Angle closure glaucoma causing raised intraocular pressure
241
Q

Phenylephrine cautions

A

Glaucoma

HTN

242
Q

Pilocarpine indication

A

Angle closure glaucoma

243
Q

Pilocarpine MOA

A

Parasympathomimetic

244
Q

Pilocarpine ADRs

A
  • Hyperhidrosis & hypersalivation (drugs is parasympathomimetic)
  • Eye pain & headache
245
Q

Pilocarpine cautions

A

Acute iritis or uveitis

246
Q

What advice should be given with pilocarpine?

A

Maintain good hydration

247
Q

Progesterone only pill ADRs

A
  • Menstrual irregularities
  • Back pain
  • Breast tenderness
248
Q

Prasugrel MOA

A

Anti-platelet

249
Q

Prasugrel ADRs

A
  • Haemorrhage
  • Diarrhoea / GI disturbances
  • Skin reactions
250
Q

Prasugrel cautions

A

Active bleeding or high risk of bleeds

Caution if co-prescribed NSAIDs (increased risk of bleeds)

251
Q

Progesterone cautions

A
  • Contra-indicated if acute porphyrias
  • Contra-indicated if breast or genital cancers
  • May exacerbate fluid-retention conditions
252
Q

Promethazine indications

A

N&V
Allergy (not first line)
Insomnia

253
Q

Promethazine MOA

A

Antihistamine

254
Q

Promethazine ADRs

A
  • Confusion
  • Drowsiness
  • Movement disorders
255
Q

Promethazine cautions

A

Neonates
Elderly
Epilepsy

256
Q

Propofol MOA

A

Potentiates GABA receptors

257
Q

Propofol cautions

A

Cardiac disorders

Raised ICP

258
Q

Propranolol indications

A

Angina, HTN, anxiety, benign essential tremor

259
Q

Propranolol ADRs

A
  • Bradycardia
  • Hypotension
  • Erectile dysfunction
260
Q

Propranolol cautions

A
  • Contraindicated if asthmatic (may cause bronchospasm)
  • Contraindicated if cardiogenic shock
  • Caution if hypotensive and/or bradycardic
261
Q

Protamine sulphate indications

A

Heparin overdose

262
Q

Protamine sulphate ADRs

A
  • (Paradoxical) bleeds (only at high doses)
  • Flushing
  • Fatigue
263
Q

Ranolazine ADRs

A
  • Asthenia
  • Constipation
  • Headache
264
Q

Ranolazine indication

A

Angina (not first line)

265
Q

Ranolazine cautions

A
  • Caution if Long QT syndrome
  • Caution if severe cardiac failure
  • Caution if body mass < 60 kg
266
Q

Ribavirin ADRs

A
  • Anaemia
  • Malaise
  • Lymphadenopathy
267
Q

Ribavirin cautions

A

Anaemia or haemoglobinopathy

Severe cardiac disease

268
Q

Risedronate MOA

A

Bisphosphonate

269
Q

Risedronate ADRs

A
  • Osteonecrosis of the jaw (rare but serious)
  • Myalgia
  • Electrolyte imbalance
270
Q

Risedronate cautions

A

Hypocalcaemia, upper GI disease

271
Q

Rivastigmine ADRs

A
  • Anxiety
  • Arrhythmias
  • Movement disorders
272
Q

Rivastigmine cautions

A

Cardiac conduction disorder’s
Seizures
Upper GI ulcers

273
Q

What drug is sacubitril combined with?

274
Q

Sacubitril indication

A

Fluid overload in heart failure

275
Q

Sacubitril ADRs

A

Anaemia, hypotension

276
Q

Sacubitril cautions

A

ACEi or ARB

277
Q

Salbutamol / salmeterol ADRs

A
  • Arrhythmias
  • Tremor
  • Rash
278
Q

Salbutamol / salmeterol cautions

A

Cardiovascular disease

Hypokalaemia

279
Q

Saxagliptin ADRs

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Fatigue
  • Headache
280
Q

Saxagliptin cautions

A

Elderly

History of pancreatitis

281
Q

Sertraline ADRs

A
  • (Paradoxical) anxiety
  • Arrhythmias
  • Sexual dysfunction
282
Q

Sertraline cautions

A
  • Caution if poorly controlled epilepsy
  • Caution or contraindicated if prolonged QT interval on ECG
  • Contra-indicated if patient in manic phase
283
Q

Sevoflurane indication

A

Anaesthesia

284
Q

Sevoflurane method of administration

285
Q

Sevoflurane ADRs

A
  • Arrhythmias
  • Nausea & vomiting
  • Headache
286
Q

Sildenafil indications

A

Pulmonary hypertension

Erectile dysfunction

287
Q

Sildenafil ADRs

A
  • Anxiety
  • Gastrointestinal disorders
  • Priapism (rare)
288
Q

Sildenafil cautions

A
  • Contra-indicated if familial retinal degeneration
  • Caution if hypotensive
  • Avoid if history or susceptibility to priapism
289
Q

Simvastatin ADRs

A
  • Myalgia
  • Sleep disorders
  • Myopathy (rare)
290
Q

Simvastatin cautions

A

History of muscle disease or weakness

291
Q

Spironolactone cautions

A
  • Contra-indicated if anuric
  • Contra-indicated if hyperkalaemic
  • Contra-indicated if Addison’s disease
292
Q

Sumatriptan indications

A

Migraine, cluster headache

293
Q

Sumatriptan ADRs

A
  • Dizziness
  • Sensory alterations (temperature etc.)
  • Nausea
294
Q

Sumatriptan cautions

A
  • Contra-indicated if coronary vasospasm
  • Contra-indicated if hypertensive
  • Not licenced for use in the elderly
295
Q

Sumatriptan MOA

A

Vasoconstricts coronary blood vessels and reduces inflammatory and pain mediators

296
Q

Suxamethonium MOA

A

Muscle paralysis by blockage of Ach receptors

297
Q

Suaxamthonium indications

A

Short term paralysis e.g. to facilitate intubation

298
Q

Suxamethonium ADRs

A
  • Arrhythmias
  • Involuntary muscle contractions
  • Post procedural muscle pain
299
Q

Suxamethonium cautions

A
  • Contra-indicated if hyperkalaemia
  • Contra-indicated if muscle wasting or myotonic disorders
  • Caution if pre-existing neuromuscular disorders
300
Q

Tacrolimus indications

A

Prevention of transplant rejection

Severe eczema

301
Q

Tacrolimus MOA

A

Immunosuppressant

302
Q

Tacrolimus cautions

A
  • Contra-indicated if malignant skin lesions
  • Caution if skin exposure to UV light
  • Caution if prolonged QT interval (may exacerbate)
303
Q

Tamoxifen ADRs

A
  • Alopecia
  • Fluid retention
  • Uterine & vulvovaginal disorders
  • VTE
304
Q

What drug may be used to treat male gynaecomastia

A

Tamoxifen (unlicenced)

305
Q

Tamsulosin MOA

A

Alpha blocker

306
Q

Tamsulosin ADRs

A
  • Sexual dysfunction
  • Dizziness
  • Postural hypotension (uncommon)
307
Q

Tamsulosin cautions

A
  • Contra-indicated if postural hypotension
  • Contra-indicated if history of micturition syncopal episodes
  • Caution if patient taking anti-hypertensive medications
308
Q

Testosterone ADRs

A
  • Hypertension
  • Weight increase
  • Behavioural abnormalities (if drug is abused long term)
309
Q

Testosterone cautions

A

Prostate cancer

Pre-pubertal males

310
Q

Tetracaine indication

A

Local anaesthetic

311
Q

Tetracaine ADRs

A
  • Eye inflammation (if used on eye)
  • Oedema or skin reactions (if used topically)
  • Arrhythmias (if drug present systemically)
312
Q

Tetracaine cautions

A 
Inflamed tissues (may alter absorption)
Neonates
313
Q

Length of action of tiotropium

314
Q

Tiotropium ADRs

A
  • Arrhythymias
  • Constipation
  • Dry mouth
  • Affect on gastric motility
315
Q

Tiotropium cautions

A
  • Caution if history of narrow angle closure glaucoma

- Caution if bladder outflow obstruction

316
Q

Tranexamic acid ADRs

A
  • Diarrhoea

- N&V

317
Q

Tranexamic acid cautions

A

DIC, oral contraceptives

318
Q

Trastuzumab ADRs

A
  • Cardiomyopathy
  • Malaise
  • Muscle disorders
319
Q

Trastuzumab cautions

A
  • Contra-indicated if severe dyspnoea at rest
  • Caution if coronary artery disease
  • Caution if cardiovascular disorders
320
Q

Triamcinolone MOA

321
Q

Triamcinolone ADRs

A
  • (Long term*) may cause Cushing’s syndrome
  • (Long term*) may cause immunosuppression
  • Anxiety (for all systemic glucocorticoids)
322
Q

Triamcinolone cautions

A

Cushings (contraindicated)

Immunosuppression

323
Q

Trimethoprim ADRs

A
  • Diarrhoea

- Skin reactions

324
Q

Tropicamide indication

A

When pupil dilation is desired e.g. facilitates fundoscopy

325
Q

Tropicamide MOA

A

Antimuscarinic

326
Q

Tropicamide ADRs

A
  • Blurred (close) vision
  • Photophobia (due to loss of light reflex)
  • Tachycardia (if drug present systemically)
327
Q

Tropicamide cautions

328
Q

Tropicamide route of administration

329
Q

Valproate indications

A

Epilepsy, migraine prophylaxis, bipolar

330
Q

Valproate MOA

A

Blocks sodium channels in the CNS

331
Q

Valproate ADRs

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Hallucinations
  • Alopecia (with curly hair regrowth)
332
Q

Valproate contraindicaitons

A

Pregnancy, SLE, severe liver failure

333
Q

Vancomycin ADRs

A
  • Neutropenia (uncommon)
  • Tubulointerstitial nephritis
  • “Drug fever” and/or hypersensitivity reactions
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
334
Q

Vancomycin MOA

A

Glycopeptide antibiotic, cell wall synthesis inhibitor

335
Q

Vancomycin monioting

A

Monitor drug levels

336
Q

Verapamil MOA

A

Ca channel blocker

337
Q

Verapamil indications

A

Angina, SVT, HTN

338
Q

Verapamil ADRs

A
  • Abdominal pain and/or constipation
  • Hypotension
  • Rebound tachycardia
339
Q

Verapamil cautions

A
  • Caution if elderly (risk of falls from hypotension)
  • Avoid if severe LV dysfunction
  • Avoid if AV-block
340
Q

Vincristine MOA

A

Microtubule inhibitor (chemotherapy drug)

341
Q

Vincristine ADRs

A
  • Alopecia
  • Anaemia
  • Neutropenia
  • Irritant
342
Q

Tests prior to vitamin K

A

Renal function

343
Q

Diet on warfarin

A

High vitamin K may alter INR

344
Q

Warfarin caution

PSA (2 decks)

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