stud 1 Flashcards
What is personality from a behaviorist point of view?
Behaviour perspective of personality is the belief that people are absolutely controlled buy their environments.
Classic conditioning
is when present something brings out a autonomic response and combine it with a natural stimulus that later can bring out the same automatic response. In classical conditioning the person does not have a choice to respond
what Pavlov did with his dogs. unconditioned stimulus. automatic response. natural stimulus
he presented food to a dog (FOOD=unconditioned stimulus) which maid the dog salivate (automatic response) and the he pair the presenting of the food with a bell ringing (the bell ringing is the natural stimulus, that has nothing to do with the food or the salivation process)
So the dog began to salivate when ever he heard the bell, because he was conditioned to believe that when the bell rings the food comes.
Operant conditioning
is what skinner did. So it just means that you can strengthen or get rid of behaviour depending if you reward the behaviour or punish the behaviour. A example of that would be to teach a dog how to sit , so you say to a dog sit and when the dogs sits you give the dog a reward like a dog treat.
In operant conditioning the person does have a choice to respond
When do you have a choice to respond and when do you not have that choice.
In operant conditioning the person does have a choice to respond
In classical conditioning the person does not have a choice to respond
Thorndike’s law of effect
: Is the concept that the consequences of a behaviour will either strengthen or weaken the behaviour.
Thorndike’s law of repetition
behaviour that is repeated is most likely to be remembered and
What does stimulus generalization mean
Is when a similar stimulus evokes the same response as something else. For example, it could be that your are very afraid of bunnies and when you see a furry dog it evokes the same response.
What does stimulus discrimination mean
It is when discriminate between stimulus. For example when it comes to Pavlov’s dogs when they heard the bell the began to salivate but if the would hear a similar sound they could tell the difference and discriminate between the sounds.
explain positive reinforcement
is when you get a stimulus or a reward after the behaviour is done, for example if you press a button you get candy, then you positively reinforce that behaviour.
explain negativ reinforcement
: it’s a aversive event that ends if a specific behaviour is preformed. What that means is that you expose someone to something they wont like and when the do what you want them to do that exposer stops. For example if you would have a loud ringing and it will only stop if you clean your room.
negative punishment
is when you remove a stimulus as punishment for a behaviour
positive punishment
is when you add punishment to decrease a behaviour
The difference is between reinforcement and punishment
is that reinforcement is to increase a specific behaviour while punishment is to decrease the behaviour.
What is extinction referring to from a behaviourist perspective
Is when you the stimulus stop and the response that got triggered from that stimulus slowly decreases over time until it disappears
What does shaping mean
Shaping is when you gradually change a behaviour so in time it starts to resemble the desired behaviour more and more, So you gradually shape a behaviour to the behaviour you want.
Why are consequences of behaviours so essential in behaviourism
Consequences are important because that’s how we learn
What is avoidance associated with and why is it interesting from a behaviourist point of view
Avoidance is associated with pain and help us avoid actions and situations that might trigger that.
And its interesting because, environment controls our behaviour and to understand our behaviour we must uncover the environment
What is systematic desensitization and what kind of problems is it used for
Systematic desensitization is when you gradually break down a phobia so it eventually stops being a phobia.
You do this by taking the stimulus you fear and dissociate it from the fear response
Why is it interesting to talk about both immediate consequences and long term consequences of a behaviour, from a behaviouristic point of view
Consequences is the effect of our actions. And therefor our learned patterns of how to respond and act in situations comes from experiencing or anticipating the consequences of our actions. The consequences will either strengthen or weaken a curtain behaviour
What is a biological perspective on personality
A stable personality depends on a healthy well functioning brain. Biology effect personality through genes, hormones and physical health. People start with certain inherent predispositions and abilities.
Why is biology important for the understanding of personality
Genes can influence personality in some cases, but its hard to say to what extent they do when you develop normally. chromosomes is an exempel of that. defect on chromosome 15 makes a person over friendly.
What could be or has been shown to be a danger or risk of a biological perspective
the perspective doesn’t take into account that emotions social expressions, environment and childhood experiences can effect our behaviour.
What is “Behavioural genomics”?
It’s a study on how genes affect our behaviour.
The human genome is a set of genes on the 23 pairs of chromosomes
Explain Eysenck ́s model of the nervous system temperament, What are the methodological challenges when trying to prove this model?
(introvert extrovert )
The challenges to prove this model is that its hard to define and measures nervous “arousal” and the seconde challenge is that the human body is always trying to maintain equilibrium (balans) so the responses they try to measures they rise and fall, differ in intensity and duration and varying in baseline
