Stuctures Flashcards
Setae
Annelids (expect leeches); aid movement and act as anchor
Nephridia
Annelids; excretion, opening to coloem and outside of animal
Clitellum
Class ciltellata; reproduction, produces mucus that produces cocoon
Sensillae
Leeches; clusters of sensory cells
Apical complex
Apicomplexa; important for host invasion
Chanocytes
Poriferia; feeding, respiration, excretion
Mesophyl
Poriferia; structural, full of collagen protein fibrils and spicules
Spicule
Poriferia; structural, made of calcium or silica
Spongin
Poriferia; structural, specialized form of collagen
Gemmules
Freshwater porifera; asexual reproduction, allows for overwintering
Nerve net
Cnidaria; diffuse nervous system
Cnidocytes
Cnidaria; one-time-use structures that are shot out of body
Nematocysts
Cnidaria; toxin injections
Ptychocysts
Cnidaria; achor body to soft substrate
Spirocysts
Cnidaria; adhesive, only in anthozoa
Cnidocil
Cnidaria; “trigger” of the cnidocytes
Storbiliation
Class scyphozoa; stroba polyp breaks off form “dinner plate stack” to form new medusa
Ciliated Planula Larvae
Cnidaria; forms from zygote so zygote can move
Umbo
Bivalves; oldest part of the shell
Radula
Mollusca (except bivalves); “tongue” that scrapes material, acts as conveyor belt to move food towards stomache
Siphons
Bivalves; extension of the mantle, draws water in or pushes it out
Nephridial tubules
Bivalves; kidneys
Free-swimming trochophore larva
Bivales, annelids; larve stage after egg hatches
Glochidia stage
Freshwater bivalves; specialized veliger stage. After internal fertilization, attaches to fish gills and lives as parasite
Nauplius
Most common crustacean larvae
Green gland
Part of crustacean excretory system, utilizes hydrostatic pressure
Malpighian tubules
Used in insect excretory system
Hemolymphs
Involved in crustacean respiration
Tracheal system
System of tube involved in insect respiration
Podia
Enchinodermata, tube feet
Ampulla
Enchinodermata - muscle sack that hold fluid above the podium, creates a “suction cup”
Ossicles
Plates on the calcerous endoskeleton of echinoderms
Catch collagen
Asteroidea - specialized connective tissue. Can be controlled by nervous system to change from “liquid” to “solid”
Pedicellarie
Pincer-like jaws controlled by muscles, keep body surface free of debris
Papulae
Asteroidea - small projects of coelomic cavity that extend through ossicles. Aids in gas exchange
Notochord
Chorodates, flexible but stiff tissue, becomes vertebrae in most vertebrates
Dorsal Nerve Cord
Chordates - anterior ends enlarges to from brain. In vertebrates brain protected in bone/cartilage cranium
Pharyngeal pouches and slits
Chordates - slits lead from pharyngeal cavity to outside. In fish - makes up internal gills. In humans - make-up part of the middle ear, ear drum, tonsils, etc.
Endostyle or thyroid gland
Chordata - endostyle secretes proteins, thyroid secretes hormones
Postanal Tail
Chordata - allows for swimming, becomes smaller or vestigial in some lineages
Micronucleus
Used in sexual reproduction, genes never translated, forms marcronucleus, the “good copy”
Macronucleus
Used in day-to-day for metabolism development, many copies of genes
Archeocyte
Aids in porifera digestion, embeded in mesohyle
Pinacocytes
Aids in porifera protect, embeded in mesohyle
