STS M2

Question 1

is an emerging technology understood as control of matter at the nan-scale or one nanometer equivalent to one billionth of a meter.

Answer 1

Nanotechnology

Question 2

_____ is an advanced interdisciplinary field that encompasses science and technology that manufactures materials of great help to the improvement of various areas of society especially health care, environment, energy, food, water, and agriculture

Answer 2

Nanotechnology

Question 3

_________ who developed the term nanotechnology after a decade used this concept.

Answer 3

Professor Norio Taniguchi

Question 4

The use of ____ is one important interdisciplinary area generated by advancement in science and technology.

Answer 4

nanoscale

Question 5

The application of nanotechnology in medicine is known as ______.

Answer 5

nanomedicine

Question 6

Refers to the use of nanotechnology in electric components.

Answer 6

Nanoelectronics

Question 7

This refers to a variety of devices and materials on a nanoscale.

Answer 7

Nanoelectronics

Question 8

Beneficial as it is nanoelectronics can reduce power consumption on electronic devices and allow to increase of capacity of memory chips.

Answer 8

Nanoelectronics

Question 9

Even better, nanotechnology is also helping to make furniture less flammable; by coating the foam used in upholstered furniture with carbon nanofibers, manufacturers can reduce flammability by________

Answer 9

up to 35 percent.

Question 10

Nanotechnology can also be used to optimize adhesives. Interestingly, most glues lose their stickiness at high temperatures, but a powerful “_______” not only withstands high temperatures – it gets stronger as the surrounding temperature increases.

Answer 10

“nano-glue”

Question 11

We all know bird droppings can wreak havoc on car paintwork. To combat this, a company called______has produced a high-performance nanocoating that can be used to protect your car’s paintwork from bird poop. The company also makes coatings to protect car upholstery from stains and spillages.

Answer 11

Nanorepel

Question 12

Nanotechnology helps tennis balls____________, and make tennis racquets stronger.

Answer 12

keep their bounce for longer

Question 13

Without nanotechnology, we wouldn’t have many of the electronics we use in everyday life. Intel is undoubtedly a leader in tiny computer processors, and the latest generation of Intel’s Core processor technology is a__________.

Answer 13

10-nanometer chip

Question 14

______ leads to the development of new products and improved materials.

Answer 14

Nanomanufacturing

Question 15

There are two fundamental approaches to nanomanufacturing:

Answer 15

Bottom-up fabrication
Top-down fabrication

Question 16

It manufactures products by building them up from atomic – and molecular-scale components

Answer 16

Bottom-up fabrication

Question 17

This method is time consuming Scientist and engineers are still in search for effective ways of putting up together molecular components that self-assemble and from the bottom-up to organized structures

Answer 17

Bottom-up fabrication

Question 18

• it trims down large pieces of materials into nanoscale this process needs larger amounts of materials and discards excess raw materials

Answer 18

Top-down fabrication

Question 19

it is a method in which the tip of an atomatic force microscope is “dipped” into a chemical fluid and then utilized to “write” on a surface, like an old-fashioned ink pen onto paper

Answer 19

dip pen lithography

Question 20

is an advanced interdisciplinary field that encompasses science and technology that manufactures materials of great help to the improvement of various areas of society especially health care, environment, energy, food, water, and agriculture

Answer 20

Nanotechnology

Question 21

It is a field that needs to be explored, not only by known experts but also neophytes, in order to advance our knowledge of science and technology, and more importantly, to help improve our quality of life.

Answer 21

Nanotechnology

Question 22

_____ is a potential method to either treat or cure genetic-related human illnesses

Answer 22

GENE THERAPY

Question 23

is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease. In the future, this technique may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patient’s cells instead of using drugs or surgery.

Answer 23

Gene therapy

Question 24

TYPES OF GENE THERAPY

Answer 24

Somatic CELL gene therapy
Germ line gene therapy

Question 25

Eg. Introduction of genes into bone marrow cells, blood cells, skin cells etc. Will not be inherited later generations.

Answer 25

Somatic CELL gene therapy

Question 26

At present all researches directed to correct genetic defects in _______

Answer 26

somatic cells

Question 27

Therapeutic genes transferred into the germ cells.
- Eg. Genes introduced into eggs and sperms.

Answer 27

Germ line gene therapy

Question 28

These stem cells come from embryos that are three to five days old. At this stage, an embryo is called a blastocyst and has about 150 cells.

Answer 28

Embryonic stem cells

Question 29

These stem cells are found in small numbers in most adult tissues, such as bone marrow or fat. Compared with embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells have a more limited ability to give rise to various cells of the body

Answer 29

Adult stem cells

Question 30

Researchers have discovered stem cells in amniotic fluid as well as umbilical cord blood. These stem cells also have the ability to change into specialized cells.

Answer 30

Perinatal stem cells

Question 31

Stem cells are derived from different sources; two of which are ____ AND ___

Answer 31

embryonic and somatic stem cells

Question 32

are derived from a four – or five-day-old human embryo that is in the blastocyst phase of development; the embryos are usually extras that have been created in IVF (in vitro fertilization) clinics where several eggs are fertilized in a test tube then implanted into a woman

Answer 32

Embryonic stem cells

Question 33

are cells that exist throughout the body after embryonic development and are found inside of different types of tissue; these stem cells have been found in tissues such as brain, bone marrow, blood, blood vessels, skeletal muscles, skin, and the liver

Answer 33

Somatic stem cells

Question 34

refers to the statistically significant changes in climate for continuous period of time.

Answer 34

Climate change

Question 35

Climate change is a global concern as innovations specifically mass production greatly result to the use of machineries that ______

Answer 35

significantly increase emissions.

Question 36

Climate change is the global phenomenon of climate transformation characterized by the ___________________ (regarding temperature, precipitation, and wind) that are especially caused by human activities.

Answer 36

changes in the usual climate of the planet

Question 37

As a result of unbalancingthe weather of Earth, the_____of the planet’s_______ (acommunity or group of living organisms that live in and interact with each other in a specific environment)is under threat, as well as the future of humankind and the stability of the global economy.

Answer 37

sustainability
ecosystems

Question 38

NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) definition of climate change says it is“a broad range of global phenomena created predominantly by burning _______, which add ________ to Earth’s atmosphere.

Answer 38

fossil fuels
heat-trapping gases

Question 39

________ is added when power and heat are produced by burning coal, oil, and other fossil fuels; ______ is transparent to sunshine but not invisible to infrared (heat) radiation leaving the ground.

Answer 39

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Question 40

The ______________ this effect is the cycle by which carbon dioxide, methane and other gases are trapped in the atmosphere and results in the warming of the planet.

Answer 40

Greenhouse Effect

Question 41

_________ levels increase the infrared radiation, which is trapped in the earth’s atmosphere and leads to excess heat energy.

Answer 41

Green gas

Question 42

– this severely heats up the planet and though tress can absorb carbon gases to limit its effect on the atmosphere, deforestation has limited the ability of trees to maintain the balance in the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere.

Answer 42

The Greenhouse Effect

Question 43

– increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leads to absorption by the oceans of these gases

Answer 43

Ecological Issues

Question 44

– warmer air resulting from the heating of the earth’s atmosphere is melting ice in the Arctic as there is an increased aridity (drought) in Arizona.

Answer 44

Rising Water Level and Flooding

Question 45

– climate change has severely affected weather conditions in almost all countries across the globe.

Answer 45

Extreme Weather Conditions

Question 46

– climate change is beginning to degrade and dry out land in several areas of the globe.

Answer 46

Desertification

Question 47

• climate change gradually affects the type, distribution and coverage of vegetation.

Answer 47

Changes in Vegetation

Question 48

is one of the major effects of climate change; global warming threatens all life forms on Earth. It has drastic effects on water availability, food source, health issues, land use and ecosystem.

Answer 48

Global warming

Question 49

___________ will increase flood risks during wet season and strongly reduce dry-season water supplies to one-sixth of the world’s population.

Answer 49

Melting glaciers