STS M2 Flashcards
is an emerging technology understood as control of matter at the nan-scale or one nanometer equivalent to one billionth of a meter.
Nanotechnology
_____ is an advanced interdisciplinary field that encompasses science and technology that manufactures materials of great help to the improvement of various areas of society especially health care, environment, energy, food, water, and agriculture
Nanotechnology
_________ who developed the term nanotechnology after a decade used this concept.
Professor Norio Taniguchi
The use of ____ is one important interdisciplinary area generated by advancement in science and technology.
nanoscale
The application of nanotechnology in medicine is known as ______.
nanomedicine
Refers to the use of nanotechnology in electric components.
Nanoelectronics
This refers to a variety of devices and materials on a nanoscale.
Nanoelectronics
Beneficial as it is nanoelectronics can reduce power consumption on electronic devices and allow to increase of capacity of memory chips.
Nanoelectronics
Even better, nanotechnology is also helping to make furniture less flammable; by coating the foam used in upholstered furniture with carbon nanofibers, manufacturers can reduce flammability by________
up to 35 percent.
Nanotechnology can also be used to optimize adhesives. Interestingly, most glues lose their stickiness at high temperatures, but a powerful “_______” not only withstands high temperatures – it gets stronger as the surrounding temperature increases.
“nano-glue”
We all know bird droppings can wreak havoc on car paintwork. To combat this, a company called______has produced a high-performance nanocoating that can be used to protect your car’s paintwork from bird poop. The company also makes coatings to protect car upholstery from stains and spillages.
Nanorepel
Nanotechnology helps tennis balls____________, and make tennis racquets stronger.
keep their bounce for longer
Without nanotechnology, we wouldn’t have many of the electronics we use in everyday life. Intel is undoubtedly a leader in tiny computer processors, and the latest generation of Intel’s Core processor technology is a__________.
10-nanometer chip
______ leads to the development of new products and improved materials.
Nanomanufacturing
There are two fundamental approaches to nanomanufacturing:
Bottom-up fabrication
Top-down fabrication
It manufactures products by building them up from atomic – and molecular-scale components
Bottom-up fabrication
This method is time consuming Scientist and engineers are still in search for effective ways of putting up together molecular components that self-assemble and from the bottom-up to organized structures
Bottom-up fabrication
- it trims down large pieces of materials into nanoscale this process needs larger amounts of materials and discards excess raw materials
Top-down fabrication
it is a method in which the tip of an atomatic force microscope is “dipped” into a chemical fluid and then utilized to “write” on a surface, like an old-fashioned ink pen onto paper
dip pen lithography
is an advanced interdisciplinary field that encompasses science and technology that manufactures materials of great help to the improvement of various areas of society especially health care, environment, energy, food, water, and agriculture
Nanotechnology
It is a field that needs to be explored, not only by known experts but also neophytes, in order to advance our knowledge of science and technology, and more importantly, to help improve our quality of life.
Nanotechnology
_____ is a potential method to either treat or cure genetic-related human illnesses
GENE THERAPY
is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease. In the future, this technique may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patient’s cells instead of using drugs or surgery.
Gene therapy
TYPES OF GENE THERAPY
Somatic CELL gene therapy
Germ line gene therapy
Eg. Introduction of genes into bone marrow cells, blood cells, skin cells etc. Will not be inherited later generations.
Somatic CELL gene therapy
At present all researches directed to correct genetic defects in _______
somatic cells
Therapeutic genes transferred into the germ cells.
- Eg. Genes introduced into eggs and sperms.
Germ line gene therapy
These stem cells come from embryos that are three to five days old. At this stage, an embryo is called a blastocyst and has about 150 cells.
Embryonic stem cells
These stem cells are found in small numbers in most adult tissues, such as bone marrow or fat. Compared with embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells have a more limited ability to give rise to various cells of the body
Adult stem cells
Researchers have discovered stem cells in amniotic fluid as well as umbilical cord blood. These stem cells also have the ability to change into specialized cells.
Perinatal stem cells
Stem cells are derived from different sources; two of which are ____ AND ___
embryonic and somatic stem cells
are derived from a four – or five-day-old human embryo that is in the blastocyst phase of development; the embryos are usually extras that have been created in IVF (in vitro fertilization) clinics where several eggs are fertilized in a test tube then implanted into a woman
Embryonic stem cells
are cells that exist throughout the body after embryonic development and are found inside of different types of tissue; these stem cells have been found in tissues such as brain, bone marrow, blood, blood vessels, skeletal muscles, skin, and the liver
Somatic stem cells
refers to the statistically significant changes in climate for continuous period of time.
Climate change
Climate change is a global concern as innovations specifically mass production greatly result to the use of machineries that ______
significantly increase emissions.
Climate change is the global phenomenon of climate transformation characterized by the ___________________ (regarding temperature, precipitation, and wind) that are especially caused by human activities.
changes in the usual climate of the planet
As a result of unbalancingthe weather of Earth, the_____of the planet’s_______ (acommunity or group of living organisms that live in and interact with each other in a specific environment)is under threat, as well as the future of humankind and the stability of the global economy.
sustainability
ecosystems
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) definition of climate change says it is“a broad range of global phenomena created predominantly by burning _______, which add ________ to Earth’s atmosphere.
fossil fuels
heat-trapping gases
________ is added when power and heat are produced by burning coal, oil, and other fossil fuels; ______ is transparent to sunshine but not invisible to infrared (heat) radiation leaving the ground.
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
The ______________ this effect is the cycle by which carbon dioxide, methane and other gases are trapped in the atmosphere and results in the warming of the planet.
Greenhouse Effect
_________ levels increase the infrared radiation, which is trapped in the earth’s atmosphere and leads to excess heat energy.
Green gas
– this severely heats up the planet and though tress can absorb carbon gases to limit its effect on the atmosphere, deforestation has limited the ability of trees to maintain the balance in the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere.
The Greenhouse Effect
– increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leads to absorption by the oceans of these gases
Ecological Issues
– warmer air resulting from the heating of the earth’s atmosphere is melting ice in the Arctic as there is an increased aridity (drought) in Arizona.
Rising Water Level and Flooding
– climate change has severely affected weather conditions in almost all countries across the globe.
Extreme Weather Conditions
– climate change is beginning to degrade and dry out land in several areas of the globe.
Desertification
- climate change gradually affects the type, distribution and coverage of vegetation.
Changes in Vegetation
is one of the major effects of climate change; global warming threatens all life forms on Earth. It has drastic effects on water availability, food source, health issues, land use and ecosystem.
Global warming
___________ will increase flood risks during wet season and strongly reduce dry-season water supplies to one-sixth of the world’s population.
Melting glaciers
