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The Endocrine System > Structures of the Endocrine System > Flashcards

Structures of the Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus and where is it located?

A

located in the brain, it has many functions such as regulating heart rate, blood pressure, body temp, fluid balance, appetite, sleep cycle, and sex drive

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2
Q

What is also known as the “master gland”?

A

the pituitary gland

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3
Q

What role does the pituitary gland play in the endocrine system?

A

it secretes hormones that control the activity of other endocrine glands

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4
Q

What hormones are located in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

A

adrenocorticotropic, follicle-stimulating, growth, luteinizing, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating, and melanocyte stimulating

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5
Q

What hormones are located in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

A

ADH and oxytocin

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6
Q

What is the function of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

A

stimulates the adrenal glands to produce hormones

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7
Q

What is the function of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?

A

ensures normal functioning of ovaries and testes

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8
Q

What is the function of the growth hormone (GH)?

A

aids the growth of healthy bone and muscle mass

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9
Q

What is the function of the luteinizing hormone (LH)?

A

works with FSH to ensure normal functioning of ovaries and testes

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10
Q

What is the function of prolactin?

A

stimulates production of breast milk after childbirth

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11
Q

What is the function of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

A

stimulates the thyroid gland to produce hormones

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12
Q

What is the function of the melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)?

A

increases the production of melanin, causing darkening of the skin pigment

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13
Q

What is the function of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

A

helps control blood pressure by prompting the kidneys to reduce the amount of water excreted

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14
Q

What is the function of oxytocin?

A

contracts the uterus during childbirth and stimulates breast milk production

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15
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands and what is their purpose?

A

they are in the neck next to the thyroid gland, they secrete parathyroid hormone to regulate the calcium level in our bodies

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16
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

in front of the trachea, with two lobes, one on each side which are attached by the isthmus

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17
Q

What is the thyroid’s main role

A

to regulate the body’s metabolism

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18
Q

What is metabolism?

A

it describes all the processes involved in the body’s use of nutrients, including the rate at which they are used

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19
Q

This gland derives its name from its pinecone-like shape

A

the pineal gland

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20
Q

What does the pineal gland do?

A

secretes melatonin to help control the body’s circadian rhythm

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21
Q

Where is the pineal gland located?

A

near the center of the brain

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22
Q

Where is the thymus gland located?

A

behind the sternum and between the lungs

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23
Q

What does the thymus gland do?

A

it secretes thymosin that helps the body form T cells and an immune system before birth and during childhood

24
Q

What gland is only functioning until the body hits puberty?

A

the thymus gland

25
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A

on top of the kidneys

26
Q

What is the primary function of the adrenal glands?

A

to control electrolyte levels within the body

27
Q

What are electrolytes?

A

minerals in the body that carry the electrical energy for the proper functioning of the digestive, nervous, cardiac, and muscular systems

28
Q

What are the two structures of the adrenal glands?

A

the adrenal cortex which is the outer part, and the inner portion which is the adrenal medulla

29
Q

What hormones are located in the adrenal cortex?

A

cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens

30
Q

What is the fuction of cortisol?

A

helps regulate metabolism and also has anti-inflammatory action

31
Q

What is the function of aldosterone?

A

keeps the electrolyte balance within normal limits

32
Q

What is the function of androgens?

A

releases small amounts of male and female sex hormones

33
Q

What hormones are located in the adrenal medulla?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

34
Q

What is the function of epinephrine (adrenaline)

A

helps you deal with physical and emotional stress

35
Q

What is the function of norepinephrine?

A

works with epinephrine to respond to stress

36
Q

What organ belongs to the endocrine and digestive system?

A

the pancreas

37
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

behind the stomach

38
Q

What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

A

to control the blood glucose levels and glucose metabolism throughout the body

39
Q

What hormones are secreted through the pancreas?

A

insulin and glucagon

40
Q

What is the function of insulin?

A

moves glucose from your blood into the cells for energy

41
Q

What is the function of glucagon?

A

stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose for release into the bloodstream

42
Q

What is a gamete?

A

a reproductive cell, the ovum in females and sperm in males

43
Q

What are the two sex hormones produced and released by the ovaries?

A

progesterone and estrogen

44
Q

What is the function of estrogen?

A

it helps in the development and maintenance of a female’s secondary sex characteristics and helps regulate the menstrual cycle

45
Q

What is the function of progesterone?

A

it is released during the second half of the menstrual cycle to prepare the uterus for possible pregnancy

46
Q

What sex hormone is secreted by the testes?

A

testosterone

47
Q

What is the function of testosterone?

A

it stimulates the development of a male’s secondary sex characteristics

48
Q

What does it mean to have Type 1 diabetes mellitus?

A

the body doesnt produce any insulin to handle the glucose in the body, which leads to high blood sugar that can damage the body

49
Q

How is type 1 diabetes managed?

A

the patient needs to take prescribed insulin to help their body use the glucose appropriately

50
Q

What is the more common type of diabetes?

A

type 2

51
Q

What does it mean to have type 2 diabetes?

A

the body may be producing insulin but it isn’t using it correctly, or the body might not produce enough insulin for all of the glucose

52
Q

What is the cause of type 1 diabetes?

A

cause in unknown, but genes can play a factor

53
Q

What is the cause of type 2 diabetes?

A

genes can play a role, but lifestyle choices can influence as well

54
Q

How is type 2 diabetes managed?

A

by maintaining a healthy weight, staying active, and eating well and possible use of medication

55
Q

What kind of complications can occur over time in a patient with diabetes mellitus?

A

neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease

The Endocrine System (5 decks)

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