Structures of organic compounds - Part 1 Flashcards
What is considered to be an organic substance in chemistry?
Substance that contains carbon with the exception of carbon dioxides (CO2) and carbonates (CO3).
How many bonds can a carbon form?
Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds because it has a valence electron number of 4.
What is carbon-to-carbon double bond is called?
Planar (C=C)
What is carbon-to-oxygen double bond is called?
Carbonyl planar (C=O)
What is carbon-to-carbon triple bond is called?
linear (C—C)
What are the three factors that determine the bond strengths?
- Length of the bond
- Difference in electronegativity
- Size of the atoms
What is the order of decreasing electronegativity of elements?
FONCI; fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, iodine
What are the ways to represent the organic molecules?
- Structural: showing all atoms and bonds
- Semi-structural (condensed): abbreviation of the structural formula
- Skeletal: does not show carbon atoms and hydrogen that bonded to the carbon
- Molecular: count of the number of each type of atoms
- Empirical: simplest molecular formula
What is alkanes?
Saturated hydrocarbons (CnH2n+2), no C=C bonds.
What is alkenes?
Unsaturated hydrocarbons (CnH2n), at least one C=C or C—C bonds
What is alkyl group?
Hydrocarbon formed when removing one hydrogen from alkane chain (CnH2n+1)
What is cyclohexane?
Saturated cyclic hydrocarbons (C6H12)
Benzene
Unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbon (C6H6)
What is haloalkanes?
Organic compound that has one or more halogen atoms (group 17)
What is primary amines?
Contains an amino group (NH2), and generally derived from ammonia.
