Structures of Matter Test

Question 1

Subatomic Particles

Answer 1

proton, neutron & electron

Question 2

Proton

Answer 2

Symbol: p+
Location: Inside nucleus
Discovered by: Rutherford
Charge: Positive
Mass: ~1 amu.

Question 3

Neutron

Answer 3

Symbol: n
Location: Inside nucleus
Discovered by: Chadwick
Charge: Neutral
Mass: ~1 amu.

Question 4

Electron

Answer 4

Symbol: e-
Location: Orbit nucleus
Discovered by: Thomson
Charge: Negative
Mass: ~1/2000 amu.

Question 5

Dalton

Answer 5

1808- Atoms are small solid spheres, different sizes for different elements.

Question 6

Thomson

Answer 6

1897-Atoms are made of positively charged sphere with negative electrons in the sphere.

Question 7

Nagaoka

Answer 7

1904-Atoms are made of positive sphere with negative electrons orbiting like the planets orbit the sun.

Question 8

Rutherford

Answer 8

1911-Atoms are mostly empty space with negative electrons orbiting randomly around the positively charged proton.

Question 9

Bohr

Answer 9

1913-Atoms are positively charged protons with electrons orbiting nucleus in distinct energy shells.

Question 10

Modern

Answer 10

1920s to Present-Atoms have positive protons and neutral neutrons in the positively charged nucleus with negative electrons orbiting the nucleus in distinct energy clouds.

Question 11

Atomic Number

Answer 11

The identity of an element or the number of protons.

Question 12

Atomic Mass

Answer 12

The average mass of the nucleus of all the atoms of an element. 
#protons + #neutrons

Question 13

Electron Shells

Answer 13

First Shell: 2
Second Shell: 8
Third Shell:18 (Z< 21, then 8)
Fourth Shell: 32
Fifth Shell: 32
Sixth Shell: 18
Seventh Shell 8

Question 14

Valence Electrons

Answer 14

The number of electrons in the outermost energy shell of an atom that are held the weakest and transferred or shared in chemical bonds.

Question 15

Calculating Particles

Answer 15

1. # Protons# Protons = Atomic Number
2. # Neutrons# Neutrons = Atomic Mass (rounded) - Atomic Number.
   note: Atomic Mass=p + n
3. # ElectronsFor a NEUTRAL atom, #electrons = #protons.

Question 16

Periodic Table

Answer 16

The arrangement of elements in order of atomic number that shows elements grouped together with other elements of similar properties to form a repeated pattern.

Question 17

Classifications of elements

Answer 17

metals, metalloids & non-metals

Question 18

Metals

Answer 18

Good conductors heat/electricity.

Malleable/Ductile. Shiny. Solid @ Room Temperature. Loose Electrons.

Question 19

Metalloids

Answer 19

Elements with properties of both metals and non-metals.

Question 20

Non-metals

Answer 20

Poor conductors heat/electricity.

Brittle. Dull. Gas @ Room Temperature. Gain Electrons.

Question 21

Groups on a periodic table

Answer 21

The vertical columns where the number of valence electrons are the same, so the elements have similar properties.

Question 22

Periods on a periodic table

Answer 22

The horizontal rows where the number of valence electrons increases by 1, the atomic number increases by 1, and the Period Number equals the number of energy shells.