Structures and Functions of Cell Flashcards
The major parts of the cell:
___________, __________, & ___________
- Cell Membrane
- Cytoplas,
- Nucleus
Plant cell is contain of …..
- Cell wall
- Nucleus
- Vacuole
- Chloroplast
___________
- A tough, nonliving layer made of
__________ surrounding the cell
membrane - Prevents plant cells from bursting
- Allows water and slates to
pass through (freely permeable)
- Cell wall
- cellulose
____________
- Surrounded by nuclear __________ (double membrane) perforated by nuclear _____
- Store the plant’s DNA and control the
activity of the cell through protein
synthesis
- Nucleus
- nuclear envelope
- nuclear pores
__________
- A __________ space surrounded by a
membrane; inside the ________- of
plant cells - Contains salts and sugars; helps to
keep plant cells firm
- Vacuole
- fluid-filled space
- cytoplasm
__________
- An organelle containing chlorophyll
- Traps the light energy for photosynthesis
- Chloroplast
Animal cell is composed of ………
- Nucleus
- Cell Membrane
- Ribosomes
- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Golgi Apparatus
- Lysosomes
- Mitochondrion
- Peroxisome
- Cytoskeleton
- Centrosome
- Flagellum
- Microvilli
_____________
- Surrounded by nuclear ________
(double membrane) perforated by nuclear ______;
nuclear ________ continuous with
____________. - ________ or ______- structure containing DNA
in the form of ________ - Houses chromosomes, which are made of
_________________ ; contains __________,
where ____________ subunits are made; pores regulate entry and exit of materials - Controls cell division; cell development; cell
activities
- Nucleus
- envelope
- pores
- envelope
- endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- circular or oval
- chromosomes
- chromatin (DNA & protiens)
- nucleoli
- ribosomal
____________
- A partially layer that forms a boundary
around the _________ - Prevents cell contents from escaping
- Controls what substances enter
and leave the cell
- Cell membrane
- cytoplasm
______________
- Two subunits made of _______ & _______; can be free in ______ or bound to _______
- Protein synthesis
- Ribosomes
- ribosomal RNA & proteins
- cytosol
- ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
____________
- Extensive network of membrane bounded
________ & _______ ; membrane separates
___________ from _______; continuous with
nuclear envelope
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- tubules & sacs
- lumen from cytosol
_____________
- Synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, Ca2+ storage, detoxification of drugs and poisons
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
_____________
- Aids in synthesis of secretory and other proteins from bound ribosomes; adds carbohydrates to
proteins to make glycoproteins; produces
new membrane
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
_____________
- Stacks of flattened _______________;
has polarity (_________ & ___________) - ________________ of proteins, carbohydrates on
proteins, and phospholipids; synthesis
of many polysaccharides; sorting of Golgi
products, which are then released in vesicles
- Golgi Apparatus
- membranous sacs
_____________
- Membranous sac of ______________
(in animal cells) - Breakdown of _____________, cell macromolecules, and damaged organelles for
recycling
- Lysosomes
- hydrolytic enzymes
- ingested substances
___________
- Bounded by _____________; inner membrane has infoldings (________)
- Cellular respiration
- Mitochondrion
- double membrane
- (cristae)
___________
- Small organelle in animal cells
- Produces ___________ peroxide as a by-product,
then converts it to _____________
- Peroxisome
___________
- Reinforces cell’s shape
- Cell movement; components are made of
proteins includes: ___________, _____________, & _______________
- Cytoskeleton
___________
- Comprises two ____________________
- Region where the cell’s ______________ are ______________-; contains a pair of ___________
- Centrosome
___________
- Motility structure present in some animal cells
- Composed of a cluster of ______________ within an extension of the_____________
- Flagellum
__________
- Specialized ____________ of the_______________ of the cells
- Projections that increase the cell’s surface area
- Microvilli
Nucleus has four components….
- Nuclear Membrane
- Nucleoplasm or karyolymph, nuclear sap, or karyoplasm
- Nucleolus
- Chromatin Network
- Double-membrane possessing pores
surrounding the nucleus. It separates the __________ from the _________ also called the nuclear envelope.
Nuclear Membrane
- A semifluid within the nuclear membrane – act as an intermediate between nucleus and cytoplasm.
Nucleoplasm or karyolymph, nuclear sap, or karyoplasm
– One or more spherical bodies of genetic ______________ for ribosome ___________.
Nucleolus
- (__________) – play a role in the synthesis
of RNA and cell division. It contains _____________, __________, _________ & _________.
Chromatin Network
The host ___________ would have benefited from an ability to utilize ______ or ______ organic food when, by chance, the __________ was _______ and not destroyed.
In other words, after these __________ entered by _________, a symbiotic relationship would have been established.
Some of the evidence for this endosymbiotic hypothesis is as follows:
- eukaryotic cell
- oxygen or synthesize
- prokaryote
- taken up
- prokaryotes
- endocytosis
- symbiotic relationship
_________ & _________ are similar to _________- in size and in structure.
- Mitochondria & chloroplasts
- Bacteria
Both ___________ are bounded by a ___________ — the outer membrane may be derived from the ______________, and the inner
one may be derived from the ____________of the original prokaryote.
- organelles
- double membrane
- engulfing vesicle
- plasma membrane
________ & _______- contain a limited amount of __________ and divide by _________. Their __________ is a circular loop like that of __________.
- Mitochondria & chloroplasts
- genetic material
- splitting
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic
acid) - prokaryotes
Although most of the __________ within _______ & ________ are now produced by the _________, they do have their own _________ and they do produce some _________.
Their ribosomes resemble those of prokaryotes.
- proteins
- mitochondria & chloroplasts
- eukaryotic host
- ribosomes
- proteins
The ______________ base sequence of the ribosomes in ______________ & _____________ also suggests a ____________ of these organelles.
It is also just possible that the _________ of eukaryotes are derived from an ___________ that became attached to a _________.
However, it is important to remember that the flagella of _______ are constructed ___________-.
In any case, the acquisition of __________, which could have become __________, may have led to the ability to form a spindle during ___________.
- RNA (ribonucleic acid)
- chloroplasts & mitochondria
- prokaryotic origin
- flagella
- elongated bacterium
- host cell
- eukaryotes
- differently
- basal bodies
- centrioles
- cell division
__________ are hollow, cylindrical aggregates of ______________ that help give the cell shape and form; they are also involved in other cell processes.
Made up of _______ of _________ arranged to form a hollow tube serve in moving materials within the cell, cell movement, cytoskeleton structure.
- Microtubules
- tube-like structure
- 13 rows of globular proteins
______________ are _______, ________, & _________ that appear to be responsible for the movement of cells (___________).
Made up of ______ arranged in a __________, with each filament consisting of numerous___________ joined together.
It serves in ____________ and moving them within the ________, _________, &_______.
- Microfilaments
- long, thin, & contractile rods
- (both external and internal movement)
- double filaments
- helical patterns
- globular proteins
- anchoring organelles
- cell, cell movement, cytoskeleton structure
