Structures and Bonding (AQA)

Question 1

What are the 3 main types of bonds in chemistry?

Answer 1

Ionic, covalent and metallic

Question 2

What are the particles involved in ionic bonding?

Answer 2

• A metal and a non metal ion.
• The particles are oppositely charged ions.

Question 3

What are the particles involved in covalent bonding?

Answer 3

• Non metal particles
• The particles are atoms which share pairs of electrons.

Question 4

What are the particles involved in metallic bonding?

Answer 4

• Metallic atoms.
• They share delocalised electrons.

Question 5

Where do ionic bonds form?

Answer 5

In compounds formed from metals combined with non-metals.

Question 6

Where do covalent bonds form?

Answer 6

In most non-metallic elements and in compounds of non-metals.

Question 7

Where do metallic bonds form?

Answer 7

• Metallic elements
• Alloys.

Question 8

What are electrostatic forces?

Answer 8

• Attraction or repulsion forces between particles that are caused by their electric charges.
• Between positive and negative ions

Question 9

Does ionic bonding involve transfer or sharing of electrons?

Answer 9

Transfer

Question 10

Does covalent bonding involve transfer or sharing of electrons?

Answer 10

Sharing “Co …” = sharing

Question 11

What is the electronic structure for a sodium atom?

Answer 11

2,8,1

Question 12

What is the electronic structure for chlorine atom?

Answer 12

2,8,7

Question 13

• Which group and period is sodium in?
• Electron configuration = 2,8,1
• How can you tell his from the electronic structure?

Answer 13

• Group 1 - Since it has one electron in the outer shell
• Period 3 - since it has 3 electron shells

Question 14

• Which group and period is chlorine in?
• Electron configuration = 2,8,7
• How can you tell this from the electronic structure?

Answer 14

• Group 7 - Since it has seven electrons in the outer shell
• Period 3 - since it has 3 electron shells

Question 15

• Which group and period is oxygen in?
• Electron configuration = 2,6
• How can you tell this from the electronic structure?

Answer 15

• Group 6 - Since it has six electrons in the outer shell
• Period 2 - since it has 2 electron shells

Question 16

1. Do metals lose or gain electrons in ionic bonding?
2. Are metallic ions positively or negatively charged?

Answer 16

1. Lose
2. Positive

Question 17

1. Do non-metals lose or gain electrons in ionic bonding
2. Are non-metallic ions positively or negatively charged?

Answer 17

1. Gain
2. Negative

Question 18

• When metals from Groups 1 or 2 react with non-metals from Groups 6 and 7, which group do they then have the electronic structure of?

Answer 18

Noble gases (Group 0)

Question 19

Draw a dot and cross diagram to show the electron transfer during the formation of an ionic compound of sodium chloride

Answer 19

Question 20

Draw a dot and cross diagram to show an ionic compound of magnesium oxide

Answer 20

Question 21

Describe the structure of a compound of sodium chloride (NaCl)

Answer 21

• Ionic Bonding Giant structure of ions.
• Held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
• These forces act in all directions in the lattice

Question 22

Describe the giant covalent structure of a diamond

Answer 22

• Very strong Covalent bonds
• Only Carbon atoms
• Each carbon atom is joined to 4 other carbons

Question 23

How can polymers be represented, for example a polymer of poly (ethene)

Answer 23

Question 24

1) Draw a dot and cross driagram to represent covalent bonding in ammonia
2) How else can the bonding in ammonia be shown?

Answer 24

Question 25

Describe the of giant structures of metal atoms

Answer 25

• Arranged in a regular pattern.
• The electrons in the outer shell of each metal atoms are delocalised - so move freely through the whole structure.
• Sharing of delocalised electrons gives rise to strong metallic bonds