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AQA Chemistry - GCSE > Chemical Analysis - HIGHER Only > Flashcards

Chemical Analysis - HIGHER Only Flashcards

To learn how to analyse different chemicals

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1
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide gas?

A

Turns limewater (aqueous calcium hydroxide) milky

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2
Q

What is the test for oxygen gas?

A

Relights a glowing splint

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3
Q

What is the test for hydrogen gas?

A

Squeaky pop test

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4
Q

What is the test for chlorine gas?

A

Red litmus turns blue and is then bleached white

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5
Q

Why colour flame do you get with lithium compounds?

A

Crimson

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6
Q

Why colour flame do you get with sodium compounds?

A

Yellow

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7
Q

Why colour flame do you get with potassium compounds?

A

Lilac

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8
Q

Why colour flame do you get with calcium compounds?

A

Orange - Red

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9
Q

Why colour flame do you get with copper compounds?

A

Green

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10
Q

What is an anion?

A

A negatively charged ion

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11
Q

What is a cation?

A

A positively charged ion

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12
Q

What colour precipitate do solutions of copper(II) ions form when sodium hydroxide solution is added?

A

A blue precipitate of Copper (II) hydroxide

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13
Q

What colour precipitate do solutions of iron(II) ions form when sodium hydroxide solution is added?

A

A green precipitate of iron (II) hydroxide

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14
Q

What colour precipitate do solutions of iron(III) ions form when sodium hydroxide solution is added?

A

A brown precipitate of iron (III) hydroxide

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15
Q

What is the balanced equation for the reaction of calcium nitrate with sodium hydroxide solution?

A

Ca(NO3)2 + 2NaOH –> 2NaNO3 + Ca(OH)2

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16
Q

What is the balanced equation for the reaction of aluminium nitrate with sodium hydroxide solution?

A

Al2(NO3)3 + 3NaOH –> 3NaNO3 + Al(OH)3

17
Q

What is the balanced equation for the reaction of magnesium nitrate with sodium hydroxide solution?

A

Mg(NO3)2 + 2NaOH –> 2NaNO3 + Mg(OH)2

18
Q

a) How can you test for a carbonate?
b) How can the gas produced be tested?

A

a) React with dilute acids to form carbon dioxide gas.
b) Carbon dioxide gas can then be identified by turning limewater cloudy

19
Q

1) How can we identify chloride ions in a solution?
2) What colour is the precipitate?

A

1) Add a few drops of dilute nitric acid
2) Add a few drops of dilute silver nitrate solution
3) Silver chloride is a white precipitate

20
Q

1) How can we identify bromide ions in a solution?
2) What colour is the precipitate?

A

1) Add a few drops of dilute nitric acid
2) Add a few drops of dilute silver nitrate solution
3) Silver bromide is a cream precipitate

21
Q

1) How can we identify iodide ions in a solution?
2) What colour is the precipitate?

A

1) Add a few drops of dilute nitric acid
2) Add a few drops of dilute silver nitrate solution
3) Silver iodide is a yellow precipitate

22
Q

1) How can we identify sulfate ions in a solution?
2) What colour is the precipitate?

A

1) Add a few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid
2) Add a few drops of barium chloride solution
3) Barium sulphate forms a white precipitate

23
Q

What are the advantages of using instrumental methods to detect elements and compounds compared with the chemical tests

A
  • Speed
  • Sensitivty
  • Accuracy
24
Q

What can flame emission spectroscopy be used for?

A

Data from a spectroscope can be used to:

1) Identify metal ions in a sample.
2) Determine the concentration of metal ions in dilute solutions.

25
Q

a) What colour precipitate will a solution of magnesium ions form when sodium hydroxide solution is added?
b) What happens when excess sodium hydroxide solution is added?

A

a) A white precipitate of magnesium hydroxide
b) No change

26
Q

What is the balanced equation for the reaction of copper (II) nitrate with sodium hydroxide solution?

A

Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaOH –> 2NaNO3 + Cu(OH)2

27
Q

What is the balanced equation for the reaction of calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid?

A

CaCO3 + 2HCl –> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

28
Q

What is the balanced equation for the reaction of calcium carbonate with sulfuric acid?

A

CaCO3 + H2SO4 –> CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O

29
Q

What is the balanced equation for the reaction of calcium carbonate with nitric acid?

A

CaCO3 + 2HNO3 –> Ca(NO3)2+ CO2 + H2O

30
Q

How does flame emission spectroscopy work to identify metal ions?

A

1) A sample is put into a flame
2) The light given out is passed through a spectroscope.
3) The output is a line spectrum that can be compared with known samples.

AQA Chemistry - GCSE (4 decks)

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