Structure of the periodic table

Question 1

Valence electrons

Answer 1

The electrons that occur in the outer energy level of an atom

Question 2

Periodicity

Answer 2

The recurring pattern of physical and chemical properties as we move across the period table

Question 3

Periodic law

Answer 3

States that physical and chemical properties of the element are the period functions of their atom numbers

Question 4

Atomic radius definition

Answer 4

The distance from the nucleus to the outer stable electron orbital

Question 5

Atomic radius

Answer 5

Decreases from left to right in a period

Increases from top to bottom in a group

Question 6

Melting and boiling points

Answer 6

Increase from left to right with
Decrease from left to right with non-metals
Decrease from top to bottom in a group for metals

Question 7

Density

Answer 7

Increases from left to right for metals

Decreases from left to right for non-metals

Question 8

First ionization energy

Answer 8

The energy required to remove the first electron from a neutral atom in the gaseous state

Question 9

Factors that influence ionization energy

Answer 9

Charge of the nucleus
Atomic radius
Screening effect
Repulsion forces

Question 10

Ionization energy

Answer 10

Increases from left to right

Decreased from top to bottom

Question 11

Second ionization energy

Answer 11

The energy required to remove electrons out of a positive ion with a charge of 1+ in the gas phase

Question 12

Electron affinity definition

Answer 12

The amount of energy released when an electron is added to an atom in its gaseous state

Question 13

Electron affinity

Answer 13

Increases from left to right

Decreases from top to bottom

Question 14

Electron negativity definition

Answer 14

The measure of tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons

Question 15

Electron negativity

Answer 15

Increases from left to right

decreases from top to bottom