structure Flashcards
Valence electron
The electrons that occur in the highest energy level of the atom
Periodic number
Indicates the outer main energy level and shows the energy level in which an atom has its valence electrons
Periodicity
The recurring pattern of physical and chemical properties as we move across the periodic table
Periodic law
States that physical and chemical properties of the element are periodic functions of their atomic number
Atomic radius
The distance from the nucleus to the outer stable electrons
Density
The type of bonding between the particles and nature of a substance determines the substance density
First ionization energy
The energy required to remove the first electron from a neutral atom in the gaseous state
What factors influence ionization energy
Change of the nucleus
Atomic radius
Screening effect
Repulsion forces of electrons in the same orbital
Second ionization energy
The energy required to remove electrons out of a positive ion with a charge of it in the gas phase
Electron affinity
How much an atom wants to gain an electron
Electron negativity
The measure of tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons
Paulis scale
Electronegativity scale
Oxide
A chemical bond formed when oxygen reacts with another element
Octet rule
Atoms tend to be bonded in such a way that each have eight electrons in their outer energy levels that gives them the same electronic structure as a noble gas
Reactivity
A measure of how strongly an atom will react with another substance and is determined by how easily electrons can be removed
