Structure of the nervous system

Question 1

The adult brain does not grow new neurons. True or false?

Answer 1

False - it grows new smell and memory neurons.

Question 2

We only use 10% of our brains. True or false?

Answer 2

False.

Question 3

Left and right-brained people exist and this is what determines personality. True or false?

Answer 3

False - personality is very complex and is not down to handedness.

Question 4

Size of a brain is not relative to behavioural repertoire. True or false?

Answer 4

True.

Question 5

What constitutes as the CNS?

Answer 5

The brain and spinal cord.

Question 6

What constitutes as the PNS?

Answer 6

The somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

Question 7

What is the somatic nervous system?

Answer 7

The sensory system.

Question 8

What 3 components make up the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 8

1. sympathetic pathway
2. parasympathetic pathway
3. enteric system

Question 9

What do you see in a coronal section of the brain?

Answer 9

Looking down into the brain.

Question 10

What do you see in a sagittal section of the brain?

Answer 10

Looking into the brain from the side. A sagittal cut separates the 2 hemispheres.

Question 11

All lobes are paired. True or false?

Answer 11

True.

Question 12

Where are the frontal lobes and what do they do?

Answer 12

Directly behind the forehead, concerned with:

• Learning
• Voluntary movement
• Personality
• Consciousness

Question 13

Where are the parietal lobes and what do they do?

Answer 13

On the top of the head. Receives and coordinates sensory information.

Question 14

Where are the occipital lobes and what do they do?

Answer 14

At the back of the head, concerned with visual perception.

Question 15

Where are the temporal lobes and what do they do?

Answer 15

Beneath the temples and concerned with speech.

Question 16

There is another view of cerebral organisation in which the brain is split into 3 areas. What are they?

Answer 16

1. Prosencephalon
2. Mesencephalon
3. Rhomencephalon

Question 17

The Prosencephalon is split into 2 regions. What are they?

Answer 17

1. Disencephalon

2. Cerebrum

Question 18

What 5 major areas make up the disencephalon?

Answer 18

1. thalamus
2. hypothalamus
3. subthalamus
4. epithalamus
5. pretectum

Question 19

What is another name for the prosencephalon?

Answer 19

The forebrain.

Question 20

What 3 major components make up the cerebrum?

Answer 20

1. Cerebral cortex
2. white matter
3. basal ganglia

Question 21

What is another name for the mesencephalon?

Answer 21

The midbrain.

Question 22

What 6 major functions does the mesencephalon have?

Answer 22

1. Motor control
2. Vision
3. Hearing
4. Sleep/wake
5. Arousal
6. Thermoregulation

Question 23

What is the name for the hindbrain?

Answer 23

The rhomencephalon.

Question 24

The rhomencephalon is split into what 3 areas?

Answer 24

1. Medulla
2. Pons
3. Cerebellum

Question 25

How many major cranial nerves are there?

Answer 25

12

Question 26

What are the a) gyri and b) sulci in the brain?

Answer 26

a) lumps | b) folds

Question 27

What is the point of the gyri and sulci?

Answer 27

To increase the SA of the brain.

Question 28

What does the corpus callosum do?

Answer 28

Coordinates the left and right hemispheres.

Question 29

What is the grey matter?

Answer 29

The cell bodies of the neurons.

Question 30

What is the white matter?

Answer 30

The myelinated axons of the neurons.

Question 31

What is the neuropil?

Answer 31

The space between the cell bodies.

Question 32

The dorsal sections of the brain receive sensory afferent. True or false?

Answer 32

True.

Question 33

The ventral sections of the brain receive motor afferent. True of false?

Answer 33

False - they relay motor efferent.

Question 34

What are the meninges and what do they do?

Answer 34

A layer of 3 separate membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord.

Question 35

What are the 3 different meninges?

Answer 35

1. Dura mater 2. Arachnoid 3. Pia mater

Question 36

Which meninge is a) the outermost and b) the innermost?

Answer 36

a) Dura mater is on the outside | b) Pia mater is on the inside

Question 37

There is a fluid layer between two of the meninges for added protection. Where is it?

Answer 37

Between the arachnoid and pia mater.

Question 38

The ventricles contain the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Where is it produced?

Answer 38

The choroid plexus.

Question 39

What does the CSF do?

Answer 39

Acts as a water cushion and bathes the neural tissue.

Question 40

What 2 main things does the limbic system control?

Answer 40

1. Emotions | 2. Drives, e.g. hunger or sex etc.

Question 41

How does the limbic system initiate motor acts?

Answer 41

Via the association ganglia.

Question 42

Noradrenergic and serotonergic pathway invade all brain areas. True or false?

Answer 42

True.

Question 43

What brain area are dopaminergic pathways confined to?

Answer 43

The rostral section (towards the forehead).

Question 44

What parts of the brain do cholinergic pathways invade?

Answer 44

The front (rostral) and top (dorsal) sections of the brain.