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2nd Year: Brain and Behaviour > Structure of the nervous system > Flashcards

Structure of the nervous system Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

The adult brain does not grow new neurons. True or false?

A

False - it grows new smell and memory neurons.

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2
Q

We only use 10% of our brains. True or false?

A

False.

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3
Q

Left and right-brained people exist and this is what determines personality. True or false?

A

False - personality is very complex and is not down to handedness.

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4
Q

Size of a brain is not relative to behavioural repertoire. True or false?

A

True.

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5
Q

What constitutes as the CNS?

A

The brain and spinal cord.

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6
Q

What constitutes as the PNS?

A

The somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

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7
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

The sensory system.

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8
Q

What 3 components make up the autonomic nervous system?

A
  1. sympathetic pathway
  2. parasympathetic pathway
  3. enteric system
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9
Q

What do you see in a coronal section of the brain?

A

Looking down into the brain.

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10
Q

What do you see in a sagittal section of the brain?

A

Looking into the brain from the side. A sagittal cut separates the 2 hemispheres.

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11
Q

All lobes are paired. True or false?

A

True.

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12
Q

Where are the frontal lobes and what do they do?

A

Directly behind the forehead, concerned with:

  • Learning
  • Voluntary movement
  • Personality
  • Consciousness
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13
Q

Where are the parietal lobes and what do they do?

A

On the top of the head. Receives and coordinates sensory information.

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14
Q

Where are the occipital lobes and what do they do?

A

At the back of the head, concerned with visual perception.

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15
Q

Where are the temporal lobes and what do they do?

A

Beneath the temples and concerned with speech.

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16
Q

There is another view of cerebral organisation in which the brain is split into 3 areas. What are they?

A
  1. Prosencephalon
  2. Mesencephalon
  3. Rhomencephalon
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17
Q

The Prosencephalon is split into 2 regions. What are they?

A
  1. Disencephalon

2. Cerebrum

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18
Q

What 5 major areas make up the disencephalon?

A
  1. thalamus
  2. hypothalamus
  3. subthalamus
  4. epithalamus
  5. pretectum
19
Q

What is another name for the prosencephalon?

A

The forebrain.

20
Q

What 3 major components make up the cerebrum?

A
  1. Cerebral cortex
  2. white matter
  3. basal ganglia
21
Q

What is another name for the mesencephalon?

A

The midbrain.

22
Q

What 6 major functions does the mesencephalon have?

A
  1. Motor control
  2. Vision
  3. Hearing
  4. Sleep/wake
  5. Arousal
  6. Thermoregulation
23
Q

What is the name for the hindbrain?

A

The rhomencephalon.

24
Q

The rhomencephalon is split into what 3 areas?

A
  1. Medulla
  2. Pons
  3. Cerebellum
25
Q

How many major cranial nerves are there?

A

12

26
Q

What are the a) gyri and b) sulci in the brain?

A

a) lumps

b) folds

27
Q

What is the point of the gyri and sulci?

A

To increase the SA of the brain.

28
Q

What does the corpus callosum do?

A

Coordinates the left and right hemispheres.

29
Q

What is the grey matter?

A

The cell bodies of the neurons.

30
Q

What is the white matter?

A

The myelinated axons of the neurons.

31
Q

What is the neuropil?

A

The space between the cell bodies.

32
Q

The dorsal sections of the brain receive sensory afferent. True or false?

A

True.

33
Q

The ventral sections of the brain receive motor afferent. True of false?

A

False - they relay motor efferent.

34
Q

What are the meninges and what do they do?

A

A layer of 3 separate membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord.

35
Q

What are the 3 different meninges?

A
  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid
  3. Pia mater
36
Q

Which meninge is a) the outermost and b) the innermost?

A

a) Dura mater is on the outside

b) Pia mater is on the inside

37
Q

There is a fluid layer between two of the meninges for added protection. Where is it?

A

Between the arachnoid and pia mater.

38
Q

The ventricles contain the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Where is it produced?

A

The choroid plexus.

39
Q

What does the CSF do?

A

Acts as a water cushion and bathes the neural tissue.

40
Q

What 2 main things does the limbic system control?

A
  1. Emotions

2. Drives, e.g. hunger or sex etc.

41
Q

How does the limbic system initiate motor acts?

A

Via the association ganglia.

42
Q

Noradrenergic and serotonergic pathway invade all brain areas. True or false?

A

True.

43
Q

What brain area are dopaminergic pathways confined to?

A

The rostral section (towards the forehead).

44
Q

What parts of the brain do cholinergic pathways invade?

A

The front (rostral) and top (dorsal) sections of the brain.

2nd Year: Brain and Behaviour (20 decks)

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