Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MD2001 Week 4 > Structure of The Airway > Flashcards

Structure of The Airway Flashcards

1
Q

What structures form the conducting part of the respiratory tract? (6)

A

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What structures form the respiratory part of the respiratory tract?

A

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the structures of the nasal cavity? (5)

A

nose, septum, lateral walls with conchae, meats, airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is entry into the nasal cavity?

A

the nares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What holds open the nasal cavity?

A

bone and cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the nasal cavity found?

A

above the oral cavity, between the two orbits, posterior to the nose and anterior to the nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the nasal cavity lined with including the type of cells?

A
  • highly vascularised mucosal membrane lined with respiratory epithelium
  • pseudo stratifies ciliated columnar interspersed with goblet cells (secrete mucus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the nasal septum?

A

midline structure that separates right and left nasal cavities
made of septal cartilage (anterior part) and bone (posterior part)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the nasal conchae (turbinate)?

A

curved shelves of bone found on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
there are three - superior, middle, inferior
they provide turbulence and increase the surface area for air flow and heat exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the nasal meatus/?

A

nasal passage of the nasal cavity under/lateral to each concha (superior, middle , inferior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the function of sinuses?

A
  • lighten the skull
  • produce mucus that moisturises the inside of the nose - assist in warming air - clearance of mucus is dependent on ciliary action
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 4 main sinuses?

A
  • frontal
  • sphenoid
  • ethmoid
  • maxillary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

A
  • nasal cavity (nasopharynx)
  • oral cavity (oropharynx)
  • larynx (laryngopharynx)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of the nasal cavity (nasopharynx)?

A

transport air - warm, moisturise and filter before air reaches lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the oral cavity? (oropharynx)

A

transports air, food and fluid

- operated by epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of the larynx?

A
  • allows air to pass without letting food block the airway

- contains the vocal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the structure of the larynx?

A
  • members tube suspended between cartilages
  • controlled by muscles
  • diameter may be altered to allow the passage of air only - speech and raising into-abdominal pressure
  • aryepiglottic fold forms the laryngeal inlet which is the protective sphincter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is the trachea?

A
  • anterior to oesophagus
  • medial to carotid arteries and internal jugular veins
  • inferior to larynx
  • thyroid glands surround upper portion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the structure of the trachea?

A

c-shaped rings of cartilage supporting a fibro-elastic and muscular air-transport tube
- tracheal muscle (posteriorly positioned) can alter the tracheal diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the trachea?

A

connects the larynx to the bronchi - for airflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the position of the trachea?

A

palpable anteriorly above suprasternal notch

- starts at C6 and ends at T4/5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Explain the bronchi?

A
  • each lung has one main bronchus (even though right lung has 3 lobes and left lung has 2)
  • left lung has two lobar (secondary) bronchi - left superior lobar bronchus and left inferior lobar bronchus
  • right lung has three lobar bronchi - right superior, right middle, right lower
  • each lobar bronchi then divides into segmental bronchi
23
Q

How do bronchi divide into bronchioles?

A

bronchi > conducting bronchioles > terminal bronchioles > respiratory bronchioles > aveoli

24
Q

What supplies the bronchi with oxygenated blood?

A

bronchial arteries

25
Q

What epithelium is present in the trachea?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells

26
Q

What epithelium is present in the bronchi?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar - but cells are more flattened than in trachea

27
Q

What epithelium is present in the bronchiole?

A

ciliated columnar - flatter than bronchi

28
Q

What epithelium is present in the terminal and respiratory bronchioles?

A

non-ciliated cuboidal - thinner than in bronchioles - no goblet cells

29
Q

What allows the alveoli to be good at gas exchange?

A
  • thin membrane containing capillaries

- high surface area

30
Q

What are the pleura?

A

a pair of membranes which line the thorax (cavity walls) and lungs - one continuous membrane

31
Q

What is the pleural cavity?

A

space between the layers of pleura

- it contains fluid to libricate the pleural surfaces allowing for smooth, gliding movements during breathing

32
Q

What is the visceral/pulmonary pleura?

A

pleura covering the lungs

33
Q

What contributes to easy inflation of the lungs?

A
  • slightly negative pressure in the pleural cavity

- lung is highly elastic - and partially inflated - so like a balloon less energy is required to inflate

34
Q

What are the parietal pleura? name them

A

membranes which cover the cavity walls - depending on where the pleura is located a different name is used
- cervical, costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic

35
Q

Where does the cervical pleura lie?

A

?

36
Q

Where does the costal pleura lie?

A

?

37
Q

Where does the mediastinal pleura lie?

A

?

38
Q

Where does the diaphragmatic pleura lie?

A

?

39
Q

What happens if air gets into the parietal layer?

A

lung collapses due to loss of negative pressure - pneumothorax - air removed by inserting needle

40
Q

What separates the two lungs?

A

mediastinum

41
Q

Describe the structure of the left lung?

A
  • slightly longer and narrower than the right lung
  • two lobes - superior and inferior
  • cardiac notch
  • lingula
  • oblique fissure
  • apex and base
  • hilum
42
Q

What is the hilum?

A

“root of the lung”

- structures pass into and out of the lung - main bronchus, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins)

43
Q

What do the pulmonary arteries carry?

A

deoxygenated blood from the heart to lungs

44
Q

What do the pulmonary veins carry?

A

oxygenated blood from the lungs to heart

45
Q

Explain lung lymph drainage?

A

via a sub-pleural plexus and

plexus alongside the bronchi to the hilarity nodes

46
Q

Describe the structure of the right lung?

A
  • slightly wider but shorter than left - due to right dome of diaphragm being higher on this side
  • 3 lobes - superior, middle, inferior
  • horizontal/transverse fissure and oblique fissure (lower one)
  • apex and base
  • hilum
47
Q

Describe the surface anatomy of the lungs?

A
  • apex of lung and pleura are above the clavicle
  • the pleura extend down to the costal margin - but lungs end 2 rib spaces higher
  • during normal/quite respiration lungs do not extend to the lower parts of the pleural cavity
48
Q

Explain the mechanisms of respiration?

A
  • inhalation must increase the diameters of the thorax to create a negative pressure - which sucks air into the lungs via the trachea and larynx
  • diaphragmatic contraction causes its descent - increasing its vertical diameter
  • rib elevation (uses intercostal muscles too) pushes the sternum up and forward, and the ribs outward to increase anteroposterior and lateral diameters
  • exhalation is by muscle relaxation and elastic recoil - passive
49
Q

What is the function of intercostal muscles?

A

expand the size of the thoracic cavity during respiration - raise the ribs and push sternum upwards

50
Q

What do the internal intercostals do?

A

depress the ribs pulling them inferiority as in deep exhalation

51
Q

What so the external intercostals do?

A

elevate and lift ribs in deep inhalation

52
Q

Explain the structure of the diaphragm?

A
  • muscular at periphery
  • tendinous centrally
  • left and right domes
  • motor ans sensory suppled by the phrenic nerve (C3,4,5 keep it alive)
53
Q

Explain the function of the diaphragm?

A

during inspiration the domes of the diaphragm descend causing negative intrathoracic pressure but raising ire-abdominal pressure

MD2001 Week 4 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions