Structure of RNA Flashcards

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1
Q

Why does DNA need to be converted into mRNA?

A
  • proteins synthesised in the cytoplasm,
  • DNA has to be converted into mRNA
  • can leave the nucleus, through nuclear pores and enter the cytoplasm
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2
Q

What is a codon?

A

A set of three bases that code for one amino acid, on mRNA

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3
Q

What is meant by the term ‘genome’?

A

The complete set of genetic material that makes up a cell

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4
Q

What is meant by the term ‘proteome’?

A

The full range of proteins that a cell is able to produce

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5
Q

What is RNA?

A

A single-stranded polymer made up of nucleotides, joined together by phosphodiester bonds

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6
Q

What makes up each RNA nucleotide?

A
  • ribose sugar
  • a base (A,U,G,C)
  • a phosphate group
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7
Q

How is the structure of mRNA suited for it’s function?

A

it contains codons -> which are 3 bases complementary a triplet in the DNA

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8
Q

What process forms mRNA?

A

Transcription

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9
Q

Give two structural differences between a molecule mRNA and a molecule of tRNA

A
  • mRNA has more nucleotides/is longer
  • mRNA is linear, tRNA is cloverleaf
  • mRNA does not have an amino acid binding site, tRNA does;
  • mRNA has codons, tRNA has an anticodon
  • mRNAs have different lengths, all tRNAs are similar/same length
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10
Q

What is the difference between a codon and an anticodon?

A

A codon is the triplet of bases on mRNA that codes for an amino acid, an anticodon is a triplet of bases on tRNA that is complementary to a codon

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11
Q

What is mRNA?

A

A single stranded copy of a gene

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12
Q

What is tRNA?

A

a clover shaped strand of RNA that is responsible for carrying amino acids needed to make proteins to the ribosome.

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