Structure of Neurons

Question 1

The nucleus contains the _____ and _____, necessary for the production of proteins within the cell.

Answer 1

nucleolus

chromosomes

Question 2

The _____ produces ribosomes.

Answer 2

nucleolus

Question 3

_____ are the subunits of a chromosome.

Answer 3

Genes

Question 4

Genes induce the production of _____.

Answer 4

mRNA (messenger)

Question 5

DNA is used to make _____.

Answer 5

RNA

Question 6

RNA is used to make _____.

Answer 6

proteins

Question 7

Ribosomes make proteins from _____.

Answer 7

amino acids

Question 8

Ribosomes read the genetic information in the _____ and use it to create _____.

Answer 8

RNA

Proteins

Question 9

Free ribosomes

Answer 9

Can move anywhere in the cytosol, but are excluded from the cell nucleus and other organelles.

Question 10

Membrane-bound ribosomes are _____.

Answer 10

bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 11

The rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes _____. It is studded with _____.

Answer 11

proteins

ribosomes

Question 12

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes _____ and _____, metabolizes _____ and ______, and regulates _____ concentration.
not test material

Answer 12

lipids
steroids
carbohydrates
steroids
calcium

Question 13

The golgi apparatus is a factory in which _____ received from the ER are further processed and sorted for _____.

Answer 13

proteins

transport

Question 14

Glycoprotein

Answer 14

Sugar + protein

Question 15

Glycolipid

Answer 15

Lipids + protein

Question 16

Mitochondria generates energy in the form of _____.

Answer 16

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 17

The ER and mitochondria have higher _____ levels compared with the cytoplasm.

Answer 17

Ca2+

Question 18

The ER has _____ pharmacologically different Ca2+ stores, _____ of which are opened by physiological cellular events.

Answer 18

two

both

Question 19

Mitochonria act as a slow Ca2+ _____.

Answer 19

buffer

Question 20

The cytoskeleton provides a _____ for the cell.

Answer 20

structural framework

Question 21

The cytoskeleton is responsible for _____.

Answer 21

cell movements

Question 22

Actin filaments (microfilament)

Answer 22

Smallest (5nm diameter)
Two protein chains twined together like strands of pearls. Each “pearl” is an actin protein. Actin filaments are responsible for cellular movements.

Question 23

Intermediate filaments (“neurofilaments” in neurons)

Answer 23

Indermediate in size (8-10nm diameter)

Very stable

Question 24

Microtubules

add more info

Answer 24

Hollow tubes (20nm diameter)
Used to transport materials within the cell

Question 25

Anterograde transport

Answer 25

Transport away from the nucleus

Question 26

Retrograde transport

Answer 26

Transport towards the nucleus

Question 27

the cell membrane is a _____.

Answer 27

lipid bilayer

Question 28

Neurons and glia cells are not stable entitites but rather a _____ _____ _____.

Answer 28

continuously
changing
environment

Question 29

lipinds in the membrane are in a _____ phase.

Answer 29

liquid

Question 30

Membrane proteins that are not bound to an anchoring cytoskeleton protein literally _____ in the membrane.

Answer 30

“swim”

Question 31

Membrane proteins are being continuously _____, destroyed in the _____ and re-synthesized.

Answer 31

endocytized

lyosomes

Question 32

The essence of nervous system function is _____ _____.

Answer 32

information transfer