Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cellular Neuroscience > Grad Ch4-5 > Flashcards

Grad Ch4-5 Flashcards

1
Q

Signaling within neurons requires _____.

A

active transporters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ion gradients are created and maintained by _____.

A

active transporters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Changes in membrane ion permeability are created by _____.

A

ion channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ion channels are dependent on _____.

A

electrochemical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ions move _____ through a pump than a channel.

A

slower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ions move _____ through a channel than a pump.

A

faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ion pumps require _____ to function.

A

energy (ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Movement of an ion through a pump is a _____ process.

A

active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The patch clamp technique measures _____.

A

current flowing through a single channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The patch clamp technique allows for experimental control of the _____.

A

membrane voltage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Patch clamping uses _____ currents.

A

microscopic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Voltage clamping uses _____ currents.

A

macroscopic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The probability of a Na+ channel opening increases as the membrane is _____.

A

depolarized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Na+ channels have a mechanism for _____, where K+ channels do not.

A

inactivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Alpha-toxins slow the _____ of an AP.

A

inactivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Alpha-toxins _____ the AP.

A

prolong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Beta-toxins shift the _____ of Na+ channels

A

voltage dependece

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Beta-toxins cause Na+ channels to open at _____ potentials.

A

more negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Na+ channels that do not inactivate are targeted by _____.

A

opioids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

K+ channels influence the _____ and _____ of the AP.

A

duration

rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

K+ channels influence _____ of a neuron (undershoot).

A

hyperpolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cl- channels control _____ and influence the _____.

A

excitability

resting membrane potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The most numerous channels are _____.

A

K+ channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Nearly _____ K genes are now known.

A

100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Ligand-gated ion channels respond to _____.
chemical signals
26
Ligand-gated ion channels are _____ than voltage-gated ion channels.
not as selective
27
Voltage-gated Na+ and Ca++ consist of _____.
4 sets of 6 regions
28
Voltage-gated K+ channels span the membrane _____ times (typically).
6
29
The bacterial K+ channel has _____ subunits.
4
30
The K+ channel is selective for _____.
non-hydrated K+ ions
31
Voltage-gated K+ channels have a _____ and a _____ to link it to the channel.
beta-subunit | T1 domain
32
Active transporters work _____ their concentration gradients.
against
33
Neuronal transporters are classified in two ways: _____ _____
ATPase pumps | ion exchangers/cotransporters
34
Cotransporters work by transporting _____.
multiple ions in the same direction
35
The Na+ gradient is ultimately dependent on the _____.
hydrolysis of ATP by ATPase pumps
36
The Ca++ pump is responsible for moves _____.
Ca++ outside the cell
37
PMCA
Plasma Membrane Ca++ pump
38
SERCA
Stores Ca++ within the endoplasmic reticulum
39
The Na+/Ca++ exchanger moves _____.
Ca++ outside the cell
40
The Na+/H+ exchanger regulates _____.
intracellular pH
41
If extracellular K+ is removed, the Na+/K+ pump _____.
fails to function
42
The Na+/K+ pump contains _____ and _____.
alpha | beta subunits
43
The alpha subunit of the NaK pump contains amino acids that bind _____, _____, _____, _____.
ATP Na+ K+ Ouabain
44
ATP is bound on the _____ side of the NaK pump
intracellular
45
Ouabain is bound on the _____ side of the NaK pump
extracellular
46
Ion flux of the Ca pump happens _____.
deep in the protein, away from the membane
47
Gap junctions allow for _____ flow of electric current.
passive
48
Gap junctions are composed of _____.
connexons
49
A connexon is composed of _____.
6 connexin subunits
50
A gap junction requires at least _____ connexons.
2
51
Gap junctions allow for movement of _____, _____ and _____.
current ions large molecules
52
Gap junctions allow for _____ of APs
synchronous firing
53
Lowei's experiment showed that _____.
electrical information can be transferred as via a chemical signal
54
Neurotransmitter (3)
present in cleft Ca++ dependent release receptor for the molecule
55
2 NT categories
Small-molecule | neuropeptides
56
Small molecule NTs (9)
``` ACh Glu GABA Gly DOPA NE EPI 5HTP HA ```
57
Neuropeptide NTs (5)
``` ATP Substance P Endorphins Enkalphins Dynorphins ```
58
Small-molecule NTs are synthesized _____.
within the presynaptic terminal
59
Neuropeptides are synthesized _____.
in the soma
60
Small-molecules mediate _____ synaptic functions
fast
61
Large-molecules mediate _____ synaptic functions
slow
62
small-molecule NTs require _____.
low-frequency activity
63
large-molecule NTs require _____.
high-frequency activity
64
Most small NTs are removed by _____.
reuptake to the presynaptic neuron
65
An AP in a motor neuron results in a depolarization of the _____.
EPP | end-plate potential
66
MEPP
Miniature end-plate potential
67
Muscle contraction can be lowered by _____ or _____.
Curare | lowering extracellular Ca++
68
Each vesicle contains _____ molecules of ACh.
10,000
69
Endocytosis
recycling of the membrane of a vesicle
70
Synapsin
a protein keeps vesicles tethered to the reserve pool
71
Reserve vesicles are mobilized through _____ (by _____)
phosphorylation of synapsin | Ca++/CaMKII
72
SNARE proteins are regulated by _____ and _____.
ATPase NSF | SNAPs
73
_____ is found attached to the vesicle membrane.
Synaptobrevin
74
_____ and _____ are primarily found on the plasma membrane.
synataxin | SNAP-25
75
_____ binds Ca++ in vesicle release.
synaptotagmin
76
_____ and _____ cleave SNARE proteins.
botox | tetanus
77
_____ triggers NT release, resulting in pain and cramping.
alpha-latrotoxin
78
Ionotropic receptors mediate _____ postsynaptic responses.
fast
79
Metabotropic receptors mediate _____ postsynaptic responses.
slow
80
EPC
End-plate current
81
Channels opened by ACh are _____ to membrane voltage.
insensitive

Cellular Neuroscience (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions