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Chemistry > Structure of Molecules > Flashcards

Structure of Molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

what is valence electronic configuration of inert gases?

A

ns2np6

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2
Q

why do inert gases do not participate in reactions?

A

they are stable

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3
Q

in forming compounds, atom tend to gain electronic configuration like ____________.

A

noble gas

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4
Q

what is octet rule?

A
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5
Q

what is duplet rule?

A
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6
Q

what is ionic bond?

A

An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed when one atom transfers electrons to another atom. The atom that loses electrons becomes a positively charged ion, called a cation. The atom that gains electrons becomes a negatively charged ion, called an anion. The oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces, which holds the ionic bond together.

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7
Q

what are ionic compounds?

A

ionic compounds consist of ions formed from the transfer of electrons between metals and non-metals and joined by electrostatic forces.

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8
Q

ionic compounds have _____ boiling points.

A

high

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9
Q

what are covalent bonds?

A

a chemical bond that involves the sharing of e- to form e- pairs b/w atoms.

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10
Q

what is double covalent bond?

A

bonds that are formed by sharing two electron pairs.

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11
Q

what are lone pairs?

A

pairs of valence electrons which are not shared between atoms.

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12
Q

draw electron dot & cross structure for the formation of Na & Cl Mg & F

A

67

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13
Q

ionic compounds are physically _______________ & have __________ melting points.

A

crystalline solids
high

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14
Q

name all periodic properties?

A

SAIEE
South African Institute of Electrical Engineers.

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15
Q

non-metals tend to form anions. why?

A

cz they have high ionization energies.

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16
Q

draw electron dot & cross structure for the formation of CH4 & N2

A

70

17
Q

draw electron dot & cross structure for the formation of Na ion & F ion

A

65 & 66

18
Q

draw electron dot & cross structure for the formation of F and O covalent bond?

A

69

19
Q

draw electron dot & cross structure for the formation of the following molecules:
HCN
CO2

A

71
hydrogen cyanide

20
Q

a covalent bond can only occur between two similar atoms.
F/T

A

F
a covalent bond can occur between two similar and unlike atoms.

21
Q

what are non-polar covalent compounds?

A

when two identical atoms share electron pairs, both the atoms exert same force on the shared pairs.

22
Q

in polar or non-polar covalent bond, which atom will attract electrons the most?

A

the one with high electronegativity.

23
Q

what is polar covalent bond

A

the electrons are shared unequally, as one atom exerts a stronger force of attraction on the electrons than the other.

The ability of an atom to attract a pair of electrons in a chemical bond is called its electronegativity.

24
Q

electron density?

A

the probability of finding an electron within a specific region of space around an atom or within a molecule.

25
Q

what is hydrogen bond?

A

the interaction of a highly electron deficient hydrogen and lone pair on a nearby highly electronegative atom such as N, O or F.

electron-deficient: fewer electrons in valence shell.

lone pair atoms are highly electronegative.
Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole attraction.

26
Q

hydrogen bonding is/is not chemical bond.

A

is not
it’s just a force.

27
Q

intermolecular meaning?
intramolecular meaning?

A

inter = between (molecules)
intra = within (atoms in molecules)

28
Q

what is an intermolecular force?

A

attractive force between molecules

29
Q

how many types of covalent bonds?

A

2
polar
non-polar

30
Q

what are adhesives?

A

Adhesives are substances that are used to bond two or more surfaces together by creating a strong and durable connection

glue

31
Q

why metals have high melting and boiling point?

A

The atoms in metals are closely packed. So, they need more energy to move them apart and convert them into liquid.

32
Q

why covalent compounds cannot conduct electricity?

A

the molecules are neutral and there are no charged particles (no ions or electrons) to move and carry charge.

33
Q

why ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten state?

A

they contain charged particles called cations and anions. These ions are free to move to conduct electricity.

34
Q

dipole dipole hydrogen bond are a type of _________.

A

intermolecular forces

Chemistry (8 decks)

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