Structure of Molecules Flashcards
what is valence electronic configuration of inert gases?
ns2np6
why do inert gases do not participate in reactions?
they are stable
in forming compounds, atom tend to gain electronic configuration like ____________.
noble gas
what is octet rule?
what is duplet rule?
what is ionic bond?
An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed when one atom transfers electrons to another atom. The atom that loses electrons becomes a positively charged ion, called a cation. The atom that gains electrons becomes a negatively charged ion, called an anion. The oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces, which holds the ionic bond together.
what are ionic compounds?
ionic compounds consist of ions formed from the transfer of electrons between metals and non-metals and joined by electrostatic forces.
ionic compounds have _____ boiling points.
high
what are covalent bonds?
a chemical bond that involves the sharing of e- to form e- pairs b/w atoms.
what is double covalent bond?
bonds that are formed by sharing two electron pairs.
what are lone pairs?
pairs of valence electrons which are not shared between atoms.
draw electron dot & cross structure for the formation of Na & Cl Mg & F
67
ionic compounds are physically _______________ & have __________ melting points.
crystalline solids
high
name all periodic properties?
SAIEE
South African Institute of Electrical Engineers.
non-metals tend to form anions. why?
cz they have high ionization energies.
draw electron dot & cross structure for the formation of CH4 & N2
70
draw electron dot & cross structure for the formation of Na ion & F ion
65 & 66
draw electron dot & cross structure for the formation of F and O covalent bond?
69
draw electron dot & cross structure for the formation of the following molecules:
HCN
CO2
71
hydrogen cyanide
a covalent bond can only occur between two similar atoms.
F/T
F
a covalent bond can occur between two similar and unlike atoms.
what are non-polar covalent compounds?
when two identical atoms share electron pairs, both the atoms exert same force on the shared pairs.
in polar or non-polar covalent bond, which atom will attract electrons the most?
the one with high electronegativity.
what is polar covalent bond
the electrons are shared unequally, as one atom exerts a stronger force of attraction on the electrons than the other.
The ability of an atom to attract a pair of electrons in a chemical bond is called its electronegativity.
electron density?
the probability of finding an electron within a specific region of space around an atom or within a molecule.
what is hydrogen bond?
the interaction of a highly electron deficient hydrogen and lone pair on a nearby highly electronegative atom such as N, O or F.
electron-deficient: fewer electrons in valence shell.
lone pair atoms are highly electronegative.
Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole attraction.
hydrogen bonding is/is not chemical bond.
is not
it’s just a force.
intermolecular meaning?
intramolecular meaning?
inter = between (molecules)
intra = within (atoms in molecules)
what is an intermolecular force?
attractive force between molecules
how many types of covalent bonds?
2
polar
non-polar
what are adhesives?
Adhesives are substances that are used to bond two or more surfaces together by creating a strong and durable connection
glue
why metals have high melting and boiling point?
The atoms in metals are closely packed. So, they need more energy to move them apart and convert them into liquid.
why covalent compounds cannot conduct electricity?
the molecules are neutral and there are no charged particles (no ions or electrons) to move and carry charge.
why ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten state?
they contain charged particles called cations and anions. These ions are free to move to conduct electricity.
dipole dipole hydrogen bond are a type of _________.
intermolecular forces
