Solutions Flashcards
what is a solution?
a homogeneous mixture of subtance that has uniform composition throughout.
what is aqueous solution? what is solute & solvent?
a solution in which the solvent is water.
In a solution the substance present in
lesser amount = solute
larger amount =solvent
aqueous = latin word aqua = water
The solute is the substance that is being dissolved, while the solvent is the dissolving medium.
what is unsaturated & saturated solution?
An unsturated solution contains lesser amount of solute & can dissolve more solute at a given temp.
A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature is called as saturated solution.
what is supersaturated solution?
a solution that contains more than the maximum amount of solute that is capable of being dissolved at a given temperature.
how to know whether a solution is saturated or supersaturated?
Saturated if crystals remain at the bottom of the container.
Supersaturated if no crystals remain at the bottom of the container.
pg 107 for another reason
physical state of a solution is same as ______________.
physical state of solvent.
examples of solid and gaseous solutions?
FMIGTN or page 109
give types of solutions? examples of liquid solution
page 109
what is solution called when
solid is dissolved in gas
gas is dissolved in liquid
give example
solid in gas
gas in liquid
smoke - solute= solid (carbon particles)
solvent= air
oxygen in water - solute= oxygen
solvent= water
imp. for survival of fish & other aquatic animals
6.1 page 110
example of solid in solid.
give 3 examples
alloy gold (solvent) copper (solute)
brass = alloy= Cu and Zn
define concentration of a solution?
the quantity of a solute present in given amount of solvent or solution is concentration of solution .
what is percentage of solution?
what is m/m?
give example of each?
percentage: unit of concentration.
mass or volume of solute dissolved in 100g or 100cm3 of solution is % of solution.
4 ways to express % of solutions.
m/m v/v m/v v/m
pg 111
name concentration units?
how to express them?
Mathematically molarity =?
percentage (% m/v m/m v/v)
molarity (M)
M= moles of solute/ dm3 of solution
what is molarity?
the no. of moles of solute dissolve per dm3 of solution
molarity (M): conc. unit in which solute is expressed in moles and solution in dm3.
1dm3 = 1 liter
molar mass of N, O, H, Cl, Cu, B, F, Na, Mg, Ca, K, C
+ 2
while calculating M, how to convert g/mass to moles
mass in gm/ molar mass
molar mass = sum of atomic masses
what does 12M of NaCl mean?
12 moles of NaCl** per dm3.**
0.1 moles= 0.1M
12M= 12 moles
0.1 moles = 0.1M
how to convert M to g/dm3
first find molar mass
then apply this formula:
Mass in gm= No. of moles (given)/ molar mass
define solubility?
the amount of solute that dissolves in 100g of a solvent at a particular temperature is its solubility.
give example of “like dissolves like”?
NaCl & H2O
oil and water
oil and gasoline
pg 118
what is colloid? size of colloidal particles? examples? can it scatter light? can it be filtered by filter paper?
a heterogenous mixture of tiny particles of a substance dispersed through a medium.
1-1000nm
milk, butter, cheese, jam, mayonnaise.
yes
no
size of solution particles? can it scatter light? can it be filtered by filter paper?
0.1-1nm
can’t be seen
can’t scatter light
can’t be filtered
what is suspension? size of suspension particles? can it scatter light? can it be filtered?
a heterogenous mixture containing particles large enough to be seen with the naked eye & clearly distinct from the surrounding fluid.
greater than 1000 nm
yes
yes
give examples of alloys?
examples of gemstones?
brass= copper & zinc
steel= iron carbon silicon
ruby opal = solutions of solid
define amalgam? what kind of solution?
a solution of any metal in mercury. They are used to make dental filling.
liquid in solid.
silver or tin amalgams
Mercury = solute silver = solvent.
molarity of NaOH dissolved in 200 cm3 of solution is 0.1M. what is mass of solute?
0.85 % (m/v) of NaCl.
what do we mean by that?
find out molarity of NaCl.
there are 0.85 grams of NaCl for every 100 cm3 of the solution.
remem: molarity is just another way to describe concentration of solute.
or for every 100 milliliters (mL) of the solution.
as 1cm3 = 1mL
