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Physics II > Structure of Matter #3 > Flashcards

Structure of Matter #3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Smallest particle of an element?

A

Atom

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2
Q

Smallest subdivision of a substance?

A

Molecule

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3
Q

What is any material that has a definite, constant composition?

A

Substance

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4
Q

What cannot be decompressed to simpler substances by ordinary means?

A

Elements

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5
Q

What is formed by chemical unions of two or more elements in definite proportions?

A

Compounds

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6
Q

All matter is made up of?

A

Atoms

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7
Q

Atom is Greek for “Atomos” what does it mean?

A

Uncut

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8
Q

Scientists thought that all matter was composed of four substances, what were they?

A

Earth, Fire, Water, Air

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9
Q

What are the fundamental particles of an atom?

A

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

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10
Q

Protons and Neutrons have the same mass, T/F?

A

True

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11
Q

What is the formula to get the maximum number of electrons in each shell?

A

2n Squared

N=the #of the shell

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12
Q

What is the # of protons in the nucleus?

A

Atomic #

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13
Q

In each element what distinguishes it from all other elements?

A

Atomic #

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14
Q

What is the majority of the mass of an atom?

A

Mass #

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15
Q

What is the sum of the # of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom?

A

Mass #

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16
Q

The # of neutrons is equal to A-Z, T/F?

A

True

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17
Q

Atoms of the same Z #, but different A # are?

A

Isotpes

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18
Q

Two or more atoms with the same A #’s and different Z #’s are?

A

Isobars

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19
Q

Two or more atoms with the same molecular formula, but different physical and chemical properties are?

A

Isomers

20
Q

Two or more atoms with the same # of neutrons, but different Z and A #’s are?

A

Isotones

21
Q

What energy is required to remove an electron from a particular shell and beyond the range of the nucleus?

A

Binging Energy

22
Q

What is the binding energy of the “O” shell?

A

.08

23
Q

Noble gasses are?

A

Inert

24
Q

What is determined by the # of electrons in the outer shell?

A

Chemical Behavior

25
Q

When an atom tends to be chemically stable when its outer shell contains exactly 8 electrons, what is it called?

A

The Octet Rule

26
Q

What is the only exception to the Octet Rule?

A

Helium; only has 2 electrons in the outer shell but is still chemically stable

27
Q

What is an atom that loses or gains an electron?

A

Ion

28
Q

If an electron is lost, an atom has a what charge?

A

Positive

29
Q

If an electron is gained, an atom has what charge?

A

Negative

30
Q

The # of electrons lost, gained or shared by an atom in chemical combination is called?

A

Valence

31
Q

What is the transfer of electrons between elements?

A

Ionic Bonds

32
Q

What shares electrons between 2 or more atoms?

A

Covalent Bonds

33
Q

What is the process of converting atoms to ions?

A

Ionization

34
Q

What are the four types of Ionization?

A

1) Exposure of matter to x-rays or Gamma rays
2) Exposure of matter to a stream of electrons
3) Exposure of certain elements to light
4) Thermionic Emission

35
Q

What is the primary characteristic of matter?

A

Mass

36
Q

What unit of energy is often used in radiology?

A

Electron volts (eV)

37
Q

The ability to do work?

A

Energy

38
Q

The ability to do work by virtue of position?

A 
Potential Energy (PE)
PE=mgh
39
Q

The energy in motion?

A

Kinetic Energy

KE=1/2mv Squared

40
Q

Electrons thst move through an electric potential difference (voltage) is called?

A

Electrical Energy

41
Q

Kinetic energy of molecules?

A

Thermal Energy (Heat)

42
Q

Energy that is contained within the nucleus of an atom is?

A

Nuclear Energy

43
Q

Energy transmitted through space as a combination of electric and magnetic fields is?

A

Electromagnetic Energy

Also known as Radiant Energy or Radiation

44
Q

What is the most important form of energy in x-rays?

A

Electromagnetic Energy

Also known as Radiant Energy or Radiation

45
Q

The interaction between radiation and matter is called?

A

Ionization

46
Q

What are the three fundamentals of Radiologic Science?

A

1) Standard Units of Measurement
2) Mechanics
3) Mathematics for Radiologic Science

Physics II (4 decks)

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