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Human anatomy and Physiology > structure of matter > Flashcards

structure of matter Flashcards

1
Q

branch of science dealing with the chemistry of life forms

A

biochemistry

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2
Q

anything that has weight and takes up space

A

matter

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3
Q

chemical substance with only one type of atom

A

element

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4
Q

substance composed of two or more chemically bonded elements

A

compound

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5
Q

basic chemical substance needed in large quantity

A

bulk element

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6
Q

basic chemical substance needed in small quantity

A

trace element

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7
Q

basic chemical substance needed in very small quantity

A

ultratrace element

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8
Q

the smallest complete unit of the elements

A

atom

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9
Q

central core of an atom

A

nucleus

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10
Q

a small negatively charged particle that encircles the nucleus of an atom

A

electron

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11
Q

positively charged particle in an atomic nucleus

A

proton

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12
Q

electrically neutral subatomic particle

A

neutron

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13
Q

the number of protons in the atom of a particular element

A

atomic number

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14
Q

the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in each of an element’s atoms

A

atomic weight

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15
Q

an atom that have the same atomic number but different atomic weight

A

isotope

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16
Q

the state in which an isotope is unstable

A

radioactive

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17
Q

the energy or atomic fragments the unstable isotopes emit

A

atomic radiation

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18
Q

particle composed of two or more joined atoms

A

molecule

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19
Q

abbreviation for the number of atoms of each element in a compound

A

molecular formula

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20
Q

substance composed of two or more chemically bonded elements

A

compound

21
Q

connection between atoms in a compound

A

bond

22
Q

the path formed by an electron or several electrons encircling the nucleus of an atom at a particular energy level

A

electron shell

23
Q

another name for electron shell because electrons have a level of energy characteristic of the particular shell they are in

A

energy shell

24
Q

rule that says atoms react in a way that leaves the outermost shell completely filled with electrons to achieve a more stable structure

A

octet rule

25
Q

to not be able to form chemical bonds because the outermost electron shell is filled; inactive

A

inert

26
Q

an atom that becomes electrically charged from gaining or losing electrons

A

ion

27
Q

a positively charged ion

A

cation

28
Q

a negatively charged ion

A

anion

29
Q

a bond where ions with opposite charges attract each other

A

ionic bond

30
Q

bond produced when two atoms share electrons

A

covalent bond

31
Q

representation of the way atoms bond to form a molecule, using symbols for each element and lines to indicate chemical bonds

A

structural formula

32
Q

electrical charge not distributed symmetrically

A

polar

33
Q

the attraction of the positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polar molecule

A

hydrogen bond

34
Q

the starting material that are changed by the chemical reaction

A

reactant

35
Q

the atom, ions, or molecule formed at the reaction’s conclusion

A

product

36
Q

process by which substances are united to form a new type of substance

A

synthesis

37
Q

the breakdown of molecules into simpler compounds

A

decomposition

38
Q

chemical reaction in which parts of two kinds of molecules trade positions

A

exchange reaction

39
Q

chemical reaction in which the end products can change back into the reactants

A

reversible reaction

40
Q

a molecule that influences the rates (not the direction) of chemical reactions but are not consumed in the process

A

catalyst

41
Q

substance that dissolves in water and releases ions

A

electrolyte

42
Q

substance that ionizes in water to release hydrogen ions

A

acid

43
Q

substance that ionizes in water, releasing hydroxide ions (OH-) or other ions that combine with hydrogen ions

A

base

44
Q

compound produced by a reaction between an acid and a base

A

salt

45
Q

shorthand notation for the hydrogen ion concentration used to indicate the acidic or alkaline condition of a solution

A

pH scale

46
Q

releasing equal numbers of acidic hydrogen ions and basic hydroxide ions

A

neutral

47
Q

increase in the alkalinity of body fluids above pH 7.45

A

alkalosis

48
Q

increase in acidity of body fluids below pH 7.35

A

acidosis

49
Q

a chemical that resist pH change

A

buffer

Human anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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