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Dosimetry Physics 2 > Structure of Matter > Flashcards

Structure of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What do matter take up?

A

Mass and Space

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2
Q

What in the intrinsic property of matter?

A

Mass

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3
Q

Mass is measurable and quantifiable, True or false?

A

True

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4
Q

Space has no dimension. True or False?

A

False, it has dimensions

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5
Q

What is the 1D space?

A

Distance

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6
Q

What is the 2D space?

A

Area ( length x width)

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7
Q

What is the 3D Space?

A

Volume (Lenght x Width x Height)

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8
Q

What is the 4D space?

A

Length x Width x Height x Time

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9
Q

What is newtons Law?

A

Force = Mass x Acceleration

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10
Q

What’s the quantity of mechanical energy?

A

1 Joule is required to move 1 kg to 1m with 1 N

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11
Q

What is the quantity of electrical energy?

A

1 Joule is required to move 1 Coulomb charge up to 1 Volt

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12
Q

What is the quantity of electrical energy?

A

1 eV is required to move 1 electron up to 1 volt

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13
Q

How do you calculate Fahrenheit from Celsius?

A

F= C x 9/5 +32

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14
Q

How do you calculate celsius from Fahrenheit?

A

C= (F-32) x 5/9

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15
Q

How do you calculate Kelvin from Celsius?

A

K= C + 273

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16
Q

Who proposed the idea that atoms have a characteristic weight?

A

John Dalton

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17
Q

Who is Sir JJ Thomson and what did he come up with?

A

British Physicist, and he developed the Plum Pudding Model, which demonstrates that electron move in a constant motion inside a positively charge medium,

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18
Q

What did Ernest Rutherford propose?

A

He proposed that electrons revolve around massive positively charged nucleus in an atom

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19
Q

What two components make up a nucleus?

A

Proton and Neutron

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20
Q

What is the mass of a proton?

A

1.007 amu

21
Q

What is the mass of a neutron?

A

1.008 amu

22
Q

What is the mass of an electron?

A

.0005 amu

23
Q

What does “Electrically Neutral’ mean?

A

The number of proton are equal to the number of electron

24
Q

What was bohr famous for?

A

Elaborating on Rutherford’s idea, he came up with the idea that nucleus was made up of protons and neutrons, and electrons orbit around the nucleus in discrete energy levels

25
Q

Who was quantum mechanic developed by?

A

Schrodinger and Heisenberg

26
Q

What’s important about the energy levels of the orbital electrons in an atom?

A

They are discrete and not continuous.

27
Q

How are the orbital electrons defined individually?

A

Defined by a set of quantum numbers

28
Q

What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?

A

No two electrons in same atom can have an identical set of quantum numbers

29
Q

What are the four quantum numbers?

A

Principal Quantum Number, Angular Momentum, Magnetic Quantum Number, Spin Quantum Number

30
Q

What is the formula utilized to determine the maximum number of electrons within an orbit?

A

2n^2, N is equal to the number of the orbit

31
Q

What is the mass number?

A

Total number of nucleons = Protons + Neutrons (top number)

32
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons within the nucleus (bottom number)

33
Q

Atomic Mass Unit is equivalent to what fraction of what element?

A

1/12 of a carbon-12 atom

34
Q

What is Atom Weight?

A

The mass of atoms expressed in grams

35
Q

What is avogadros number?

A

6.022 x 10^23

36
Q

What is an Isotope?

A

Element with Same protons (Z)

37
Q

What is an Isotone?

A

Element with same Neutrons (A-z)

38
Q

What is an Isobar?

A

Element with the same Mass #

39
Q

What is an Isomer?

A

Same composition, but different nuclear energy states

40
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom that have gained or lost an electron

41
Q

What is nuclear stability and what does it depend on?

A

A nonradioactive nuclide, which has a dependence on neutron-to-proton ratio.

42
Q

What can be said about the neutron to proton ratio of a low atomic number nuclei?

A

Stable nuclides have almost equal number of neutrons to protons

43
Q

As Z increases more than 20, what can be said about the N/P ratio?

A

For a stable nuclei, the ratio become greater than 1

44
Q

If the nuclei is packed with more protons, it tends to be more stable. True or False?

A

False, it tends to be more unstable

45
Q

What are the 4 forces of nature?

A

Strong Nuke force, Electromagnetic Force, Weake Nuke force, and Gravitational Force

46
Q

What is strong nuclear force?

A

Short range force when the particles are closer to eachother then the amount of the nuclear diameter.

47
Q

What is the electromagnetic force?

A

Oppositely charged particles to attract eachother and similar charged particles to repel eachother

48
Q

What is the weak nuclear force?

A

Weak force, come into play for some types of emissions such as beta particle decay

49
Q

What is the gravitational force?

A

Weakest force, does not affect atomically

Dosimetry Physics 2 (6 decks)

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