Structure of Government: Maya + Lauren

Question 1

Checks and Balances: Executive

Answer 1

The president can veto laws and nominate judges for the supreme court.

Question 2

Checks and Balances:
Legislative

Answer 2

Congress approves judge nominations, can override a veto at ⅔ majority, and votes in the electoral college.

Question 3

Checks and Balances:
Judicial

Answer 3

The judicial branch does judicial review, which is when they review laws and determine if they are constitutional. They can remove a law if deemed necessary.

Question 4

Job of President

Answer 4

Veto Bills. Rejection of a bill. This can be overridden however. Make Appointments (choose the people) - court justices, cabinet members, ect. Make Treaties. Pardon (federal crimes). Issue Executive Orders. Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces.

Question 5

Job of VP

Answer 5

Leader and tie breaker in the Senate, acts as a companion to the president, and takes over as president if needed.

Question 6

Powers of the Houses

Answer 6

Congress can impose taxes, declare war, organize the court system, and admit new states. The House can start tax bills. They both can approve federal appointments and approve treaties.

Question 7

Judicial Powers

Answer 7

Judicial Review is the power to declare laws unconstitutional. Originally, the Constitution only allowed review of acts passed by states, and not the federal government. Now, it includes acts passed by the federal government as well. Supports the Supremacy Clause.

Question 8

Impeachment Process

Answer 8

The house starts the impeachment process and holds a vote. Majority rules. Then the trial case goes to the senate who need a supermajority to convict.

Question 9

How Laws are Made: State

Answer 9

Laws are proposed in the legislature. They are sometimes added to a ballot for people to vote on.

Question 10

How Laws are Made:
Federal

Answer 10

A law begins as an idea proposed to a congressman. Then the congressman gains support for the law. The bill is introduced to the entire house. The bill is debated and people give their opinions. Then congressmen request additions to the bill. Finally the bill is voted on. If yes, then the bill is sent to the other house and the same process repeats. When both houses agree on the same bill, it is sent to the president for approval.

Question 11

Qualifications, Number and Terms, Leader:
House of Reps

Answer 11

Qualifications: 25 years old. A citizen for 7 years. State resident. Live in the district you’re representing. Number and Terms: 435 representatives. 2 year terms. Unlimited Terms. Leader: Speaker of the House. Chosen by the House of Reps.

Question 12

Qualifications, Number and Terms, Leader:
Senate

Answer 12

Qualifications: 30 years old. A citizen for nine years. State Resident. Number and Terms: 100 Senators. 6 year terms. Unlimited terms. ⅓ of them are elected every two years. Leader: President of the Senate. Vice President.

Question 13

Qualifications, Number and Terms, Leader:
Executive Branch

Answer 13

Qualifications: 35 years old. Natural born citizen. 14 years U.S resident. Number and Terms: One president. 4 year terms (created through an amendment). 2 term limit/10 year max. Leader: President Joe Biden.

Question 14

Qualifications, Number and Terms, Leader:
Supreme Court Justices

Answer 14

Qualifications: Must be appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate (majority rule). Number and Terms: 9 total. 1 Chief Justice and 8 Justices. Life term (under good behavior). Leader: Chief Justice. Chosen amongst themselves.

Question 15

Recall

Answer 15

A process by which voters can remove an elected official from office through a direct vote before their term has ended. State level, although not all states allow this. One or more challengers run against the disfavored politician.

Question 16

Referendum

Answer 16

A law proposed by the state’s legislature that needs the voters to approve it. Often, amendments to a state’s constitution require this.

Question 17

Initiative

Answer 17

A process that allows citizens to propose laws to go on the ballot.

Question 18

Proposition

Answer 18

Any ballot measure to be voted on by the people. This can be an initiative or referendum. Ballot measures are numbered by category.

Question 19

The Three Branches

Answer 19

The Legislative Branch creates laws. The Judicial Branch interprets the laws. The Executive Branch enforces the laws.

Question 20

Federalism

Answer 20

A system of government which splits powers between a central government and smaller governments (state or local).

Question 21

Enumerated

Answer 21

Powers that are specifically given to the federal government by the Constitution.

Question 22

Reserved

Answer 22

Powers that are not specifically given to the federal government by the Constitution.

Question 23

Concurrent

Answer 23

Powers that the federal and state governments share.

Question 24

Popular Sovereignty

Answer 24

The idea that the government is based on what the people want.

Question 25

Impeach

Answer 25

To charge a government official with a crime.

Question 26

Succession

Answer 26

The order of officials who would take the place of the President if he could no longer hold office. -> Vice President. Speaker of the House. President Pro Tempore of the Senate. Secretary of State. The Rest of the Cabinet.

Question 27

Veto

Answer 27

The President’s power to refuse a law.

Question 28

Amendment

Answer 28

A formal change or addition to the Constitution

Question 29

The Cabinet

Answer 29

Official assistants/advisors of the President. 15 Secretaries of the Departments. Secretary of State is the highest ranking. They’ve hopefully had experience with their role.

Question 30

Election of 1800

Answer 30

John Adams (Federalist Party) vs. Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican). Thomas Jefferson wins. This was the creation of the party system in United States policies. The law was changed so the President and Vice President ran together. The Founders were originally suspicious of political parties, but they were willing to use them if it meant enacting the policy changes they desired.

Question 31

Republican Party

Answer 31

Conservative; generally less government; prefers tradition

Question 32

Democratic Party

Answer 32

Liberal; more government; new ideas welcome

Question 33

Electoral College

Answer 33

The system of electing the president/vice president. Each state gets the number of electors based on its representation in Congress. Representatives + Senators = Electors. Meaning, no state can have less than three electoral votes. Each elector casts one vote following the general election, and the candidate who gets more than half (270) wins/

Question 34

Amendments

Answer 34

There are 27 amendments to the constitution. 10 were added in the bill of rights which was the response to citizens fearing that the constitution didn’t protect their rights. Others were added later on substances, civil rights, etc.

Question 35

Amending the constitution

Answer 35

To amend the constitution, there must be a ⅔ majority in both the house and senate. Then ¾ of state legislatures have to agree to the amendment as well. Very lengthy process.

Question 36

Articles of the Constitution

Answer 36

Seven total articles. Legislative Branch, Executive Branch, Judicial Branch, Relations Among States, Amending the Constitution, Supremacy of the Constitution, Ratification.

Question 37

Bicameral legislation

Answer 37

There are two branches, house of representatives (population) and senate (equal representation).

Question 38

Arizona Constitution

Answer 38

Has 30 articles. Some examples of exclusive articles are mining, water rights, and education. The states are given more power than the federal government in the 10th amendment: all powers not specified in the constitution are given to the states.

Question 39

Elastic Clause (necessary and proper clause):

Answer 39

Legislature can pass laws needed to fulfill its enumerated powers.

Question 40

At what age must Arizona Supreme Court Justices retire?

Answer 40

70

Question 41

What are the term limits for senators and representatives in Congress?

Answer 41

unlimited

Question 42

The total number of all votes cast refers to

Answer 42

the popular vote