Civil Rights

Question 1

Civil Rights

Answer 1

Rights granted to all citizens

Question 2

Apartheid

Answer 2

The policy of racial segregation, especially seen in South Africa

Question 3

Segregation

Answer 3

The separation of people, especially those of different racial backgrounds.

Question 4

Integration

Answer 4

To open to people of all races or ethnic groups (to desegregate)

Question 5

Black Codes

Answer 5

Laws which were passed by the South to limit the freedoms and rights of black people.

Question 6

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 6

Laws that were used to segregate black and white citizens in public locations.

Question 7

NAACP

Answer 7

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. A civil rights group formed by African American leaders and white activists.

Question 8

AIM

Answer 8

The American Indian Movement. 1968. AIM demanded rights for people on reservations and recognition of tribal laws. In 1972, AIM members occupied the Bureau of Indian Affairs in Washington D.C.

Question 9

UFWOC

Answer 9

United Farm Workers Organizing Committee. A labor union for farm workers created by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta in 1962.

Question 10

NOW

Answer 10

National Organization for Women. An organization whose purpose was to help women achieve good jobs and equal pay.

Question 11

Civil Rights Act

Answer 11

1964. This act of Congress banned segregation in public places and created a commission to enforce anti-discrimination laws in employment. It banned segregation in public places, created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commision to prevent job discrimination, and stopped states from using different voting standards for black and whites. It officially made segregation illegal.

Question 12

Voting Rights Act

Answer 12

This act of Congress banned literacy tests, poll taxes, and other laws that prevented African Americans from voting.

Question 13

Equal Rights Amendment

Answer 13

A proposed amendment to the Constitution that would have guaranteed equality of rights regardless of gender

Question 14

Title IX

Answer 14

Title IX, also known as the Higher Education Act of 1972, outlawed discrimination in schools, including colleges that receive federal funds.

Question 15

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 15

An 1896 Supreme Court case where segregation practices were given a legal base to continue.

Question 16

Brown v. Topeka Board of Education

Answer 16

A court case in 1954 where the Supreme Court ruled that the “separate but equal” school environment for black and white students wasn’t constitutional.

Question 17

Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 17

The Fourteenth Amendment stopped states from violating the rights of citizens, including the right to vote.

Question 18

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Answer 18

A protest in Montgomery, Alabama where all African Americans refused to go on a bus to end segregation on buses.

Question 19

Martin Luther King Jr.

Answer 19

He believed in peaceful methods. Montgomery, Alabama. Doctorate in theology, thus Dr. King. Leader of the modern civil rights
movement! Assassinated, April 4, 1968. Involved in March on Washington and March from Selma to Montgomery.

Question 20

March on Washington

Answer 20

March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. 200,000 plus march to Washington, 1963. Fighting for equal rights for
African Americans. “I Have a Dream Speech”.

Question 21

March from Selma to Montgomery - A demand for voting rights for blacks

Answer 21

March 7, 1965 “Bloody Sunday”: Police stopped the marchers with violence. March 9, King was going to try again: Met by police again. March 25, third time’s a charm: March to Montgomery was completed with protection from federal troops.

Question 22

Nelson Mandela

Answer 22

Fought against apartheid (the policy of racial segregation especially seen in South Africa). He believed in peaceful methods. He was on trial for plotting to overthrow the government. Sentenced to life in prison, 1964. Released in 1990, when the government changed. Won the Nobel Peace Prize,1993.In the first multi-racial election, Mandela became President, 1994.

Question 23

Rosa Parks

Answer 23

Montgomery, Alabama. She stood up for equality and her rights. Segregation separated whites and blacks. Blacks had to sit in the back of the bus. Rosa refused to give up her seat to a white man, 1955. Started Montgomery Bus Boycott: changed the law.

Question 24

Malcolm X

Answer 24

Member: Nation of Islam. The Nation of Islam calls for a separate black state, continuing that segregation. He believed in peace, BUT said blacks must defend themselves. Violence was accepted by him. X begins speaking of ALL races living peacefully together. The Nation of Islam is not happy with him. Assassinated by Nation of Islam members, February 21, 1965.

Question 25

Gandhi

Answer 25

He believed in peaceful methods. Fought for independence from the British. Was involved in the Salt March, 1928: Government controlled and taxed salt. Gandhi leads a march to the beaches to collect salt. Gandhi said stay calm even if attacked. Gandhi and others jailed for collecting salt. All over India people march to the beaches. Government can’t control it, removes the law.

Question 26

Cesar Chavez

Answer 26

Cesar Chavez was a Mexican-American union organizer and leader. In 1962, Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta created a labor union for farm workers (United Farm Workers Organizing Committee). Then, in 1965, when California’s grape growers refused to recognize the union, they launched a boycott. It succeeded and, in 1970, they negotiated a contract between the grape growers and the UFWOC.

Question 27

Little Rock Nine

Answer 27

They were nine African American students who enrolled at Central High School in 1957 in Little Rock, Arkansas. This was a plan made by the Little Rock school board to begin integration at the segregated schools. The National Guard troops turned them away and white people threatened them when they tried to attend the high school. On September 24, Eisenhower directed the 101st Airborne Division into Little Rock to escort the Little Rock Nine into school. They rode to school protected by machine guns and were escorted by paratroopers as they entered Central High.

Question 28

Freedom Riders

Answer 28

Freedom rides were protests against segregation on interstate buses in the South. They were created by the Congress of Racial Equality in 1961. During the rides, whites would sit in the back and African Americans would sit in the front and refuse to move.