Structure of Flowering Plant

Question 1

Tap root (Primary root)

Answer 1

~ Main root that develops from the radicle
~ Commonly found in dicotyledons e.g. dandelion

Question 2

Fibrous root

Answer 2

~ Forms when the radicle dies
~ Commonly found in monocotyledons e.g. grasses

Question 3

Adventitious root

Answer 3

Roots that don’t develop from the radicle e.g. gripping roots of ivy

Question 4

Functions of roots

Answer 4

~ Anchor the plant in the soil
~ Absorb water and minerals
~ Transport absorbed minerals to the shoots

Question 5

Name the zones in a root

Answer 5

~ Zone of protection
~ Zone of division (meristematic zone)
~ Zone of elongation
~ Zone of differentiation

Question 6

Zone of protection

Answer 6

The root cap protects the root as it pushes through the soil

Question 7

Zone of division (meristematic zone)

Answer 7

Cells in the root meristem are constantly dividing by mitosis to produce new cells for root growth

Question 8

Zone of elongation

Answer 8

Cells increase in length due to plant growth regulators called auxins

Question 9

Zone of differentiation

Answer 9

Cells develop into 3 different types of tissue; dermal, ground and vascular tissue

Question 10

Stems

Answer 10

Herbaceous plants do not contain wood or lignin, whereas woody plants contain wood or lignin

Question 11

Node

Answer 11

Point on the stem where the leaf emerges

Question 12

Internode

Answer 12

Area of the stem between the nodes

Question 13

Apical bud

Answer 13

Causes the elongation of the plant

Question 14

Bud

Answer 14

Found on the stem that produce new branches or flowers

Question 15

Lenticels

Answer 15

Openings in the stem for gas exchange

Question 16

Functions of the stem

Answer 16

~ Support the aerial parts of the plant
~ Transport water and minerals from roots to leaves and flowers
~ Transport food from leaves to roots
~ Sometimes stores food

Question 17

Leaves

Answer 17

Netted or parallel venation

Question 18

Leaf functions

Answer 18

~ Photosynthesis
~ Gas exchange through the stomata
~ Water loss (transpiration)
~ Sometimes stores food

Question 19

Dermal tissue

Answer 19

~ Is a layer that covers the plant
~ Function : Protects the plant

Question 20

Meristematic tissue

Answer 20

Function : Mitosis - cell division

Question 21

Ground tissue

Answer 21

~ Function : photosynthesis and food storage
~ Also gives the plant strength and support

Question 22

Vascular tissue

Answer 22

Consists of the xylem and the phloem

Question 23

Xylem

Answer 23

~ Function : Transports water and minerals (Also gives some support to plants due to lignin)
~ Two types : Vessels and Tracheids
~ Xylem is made up of dead tissue as both the vessels and tracheids die before the reach maturity

Question 24

Vessels

Answer 24

~ Wider tubes
~ No ends
~ Pits allow more efficient lateral movement of water

Question 25

Tracheids

Answer 25

~ Shorter tubes
~ Tapered ends
~ Pits allow water to move laterally

Question 26

Lignin

Answer 26

Is a tough material that forms the wood in trees

Question 27

Phloem

Answer 27

~ Function : Transport food in a plant
~ Composed of sieve tubes and companion cells
~ Phloem is a living tissue
~ No lignin
~ Each sieve tube has a companion cell which has a nucleus

Question 28

Cotyledon

Answer 28

A seed leaf

Question 29

Monocotyledon

Answer 29

~ One seed leaf
~ Parralel veined leaves
~ Scattered vascular bundles
~ Flower parts in multiples of 3
~ Long narrow leaf
~ Mostly herbaceous e.g. grass

Question 30

Dicotyledon

Answer 30

~ Two seed leaves
~ Netted veined leaves
~ Vascular bundles in a ring
~ Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5
~ Broad leaf e.g. sunflower

Question 31

Xylem vs Phloem

Answer 31

Xylem = Narrow and hollow, Continuous tube/ lumen, Thick walls-lignin, Has pits

Phloem = Hollow, Sieve plates, Companion cells