Genetic Engineering

Question 1

Genetic engineering

Answer 1

Is the manipulation of genes

Question 2

Recombinant DNA

Answer 2

Altered DNA

Question 3

Genetically modified organism (GMO)

Answer 3

The organism with the altered DNA

Question 4

Source of DNA

Answer 4

The DNA is taken from an organism and will be placed in a second organism

Question 5

Cloning vector

Answer 5

Bacterial plasmid

Question 6

Restriction enzymes

Answer 6

~ Used to cut the DNA
~ If DNA from two different organisms is cut with the same restriction enzyme, the cut ends from both sources will have complimentary bases

Question 7

DNA ligase

Answer 7

Is an enzyme used to join the source of DNA with the DNA of the cloning vector

Question 8

Process of Genetic Engineering

Answer 8

1. Isolation
2. Cutting
3. Transformation + Ligation
4. Change of base sequence
5. Gene expression

Question 9

1. Isolation

Answer 9

Removing DNA from a cell and identifying a gene from the donor DNA

Question 10

2. Cutting

Answer 10

The cutting of a gene from human DNA and the plasmid DNA using the same restriction enzyme

Question 11

3. Transformation

Answer 11

Is the uptake of DNA into a cell

Question 12

Ligation

Answer 12

~ Ligation of the target gene from the host and the plasmid DNA using DNA ligase
~ The plasmid and the target gene will combine at their base pairing

Question 13

4. Change of base sequence

Answer 13

The order of the bases in the host is now different

Question 14

Gene expression

Answer 14

Production of a protein

Question 15

Uses of genetic engineering

Answer 15

~ Plants : Seedless fruit
~ Animals : Lactose-free milk
~ Microorganism : Using bacteria to make insulin for humans

Question 16

Ethical issues

Answer 16

~ The release of GMOs into the environment
~ The fear that animals might suffer as a result of being genetically modified
~ The use of GMOs as a food source