structure of eukaryotic cells Flashcards
what is a eukaryotic cell
cytoplasm contains membrane bound organelles
DNA enclosed in a nucleus
draw an animal cell
should have
- nucleus
nucleolus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
golgi apparatus
golgi vesicle
cytoplasm
cell surface membrane
ribosomes
lysosomes
mitochondria
draw a plant cell
should have :
cytoplasm
chloroplast
lysosome
rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria
cell vacuole
cell wall
cell surface membrane
golgi apparatus
golgi vesicle
ribosomes
nucleus
neucleolus
what is the structure and function of the cell surface membrane
selectively permeable barrier enabling control of passage of substances
receptors allowing cell recognition
hydrophilic phosphate heads
proteins
hydrophobic fatty acid tails
what is the structure and function of the nucleus
contains DNA which contains genes which codes for proteins- controls cell activity
nucleus makes ribosomes
nuclear pores allow substances to move
nuclear envelope
nucleolus
nucleoplasm
protein bound linear DNA
what is the structure and function of ribosomes
site of protein synthesis - translation
RNA and protein
not surrounded by a membrane
what is the structure and function of rough endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes sythenesis proteins
proteins are transported inside rER
proteins are packaged into vesicles for transport
ribosomes
system of membranes
what is the structure and function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
synthesises and processes lipids
no ribosomes
system of membrane
what is the structure and function of golgi apparatus
modifies and processes proteins from rER
packages them into golgi vesicles
produces lysosomes
golgi vesicle
golgi apparatus
what is the structure and function of lysomes
contains and releases lysozymes (hydrolytic enzymes) to break/ hydrolyse pathogens or worn out cell components
membrane
lysozyme
what is the structure and function of mitochondria
site of aerobic respiration to produce ATP for energy release
outer membrane
cristae- inner membrane
matrix- contains 70s ribosomes and circular DNA
what is the structure and function of chloroplasts
absorb light energy for photsynthesis to produce organic substances
double membrane
stroma - thylakoid membrane, 70s ribosomes, circular DNA, strach granules
lamella- thylakoid linking grana
grana - stacks of thylakoid
what is the structure and function of cell wall
provides mechanical strength so prevents bursting due to osmosis
permeable to most substanves
composed of cellulose in plants and algae
composed of chitin in fungi
what is the structure and function of the cell vacuole
maintains turgor pressure
cell sap- store sugar and amino acids
tonoplast membrane
cell sap
what is a tissue
group of specialised cells with a similar structure working together to perform a specific function
what is an organ
group of tissues performing specific functions
what is an organ system
group of organs working together
how would a cell be adapted for high protein production
many ribosomes and rER
high rates of protein synthesis
eg. antibodies enzymes and hormones
how would a cell be adapted for ATP production
many mitochondria
high rate of aerobic respiration
eh. active transport, muscle contraction
