Structure Of Dna And Rna Flashcards
ribonucleic acid
– polymer of na nucleotides
– pentose sugar (ribose) with nitrogenous base bonded to a phosphate
– base either au cg
- rna polynucleotides are shorter
– trna has h bonds whereas mrna is single stranded so no h bonds
– trna has a clover shape and mrna is a straight chain
– mrna base pairs are either au or ua which has 2 bonds or cg which has 3 h bonds
What is dna
Deoxyribonucleic acid which is a polymer of dna nucleotides
What is the structure of dna
deoxyribose (pentose sugar), a phosphate group and one of the nitrogenous bases adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine.
How is a phosphate backbone formed in dna
forms a phosphodiester bond between a phosphate and a hydroxyl on carbon 3, which forms phosphate
backbone in a condensation reaction, releasing a water molecule
Describe the polynucleotides in dna
Long
Describe the base pairs and bonds in dna
base pairs are a-t held by 2 h bonds
base pairs c-g are held by 3 h bonds
What is rna
Ribonucleic acid, a polymer of rna nucleotides
What is the structure of rna
ribose (pentose sugar), a phosphate group and one of the nitrogenous bases adenine, cytosine, guanine or uracil.
How is a phosphate backbone formed in rna
forms a phosphodiester bond between a phosphate and a hydroxyl on carbon 3, which forms phosphate
backbone in a condensation reaction, releasing a water molecule
Describe the polynucleotides in rna
Short
Describe the shapes of rna: mRNA and tRNA
– trna has h bonds whereas mrna is single stranded so no h bonds
– trna has a clover shape and mrna is a straight chain
– mrna base pairs are either au or ua which has 2 bonds or cg which has 3 h bonds
How is a phosphodiester bond formed
A condensation reaction between two nucleotides forms a phosphodiester bond.
Describe a dna molecule
DNA molecule is a double helix with two polynucleotide chains held together by hydrogen bonds between specific complementary base pairs.
Describe an rna molecule
relatively short polynucleotide chain
