structure of chloroplast and TLC PAG Flashcards
draw and label the structure of a chloroplast
-outer membrane
-inner membrane
-lamellae = intergranal, membranes linking grana
-grana/ granum = stack of thylakoids
-thylakoid
-stroma = matrix of chloroplast
-DNA
where do the light dependent and light independent (calvin cycle) reactions take place
light dependent=
-on thylakoids
-light energy converted into chemical energy (ATP)
-NADP is reduced to reduced NADP
-water is split forming oxygen
light independent =
-in the stroma
-uses the ATP and reduced NADP to make glucose
what is the thin layer chromatography used for
what are the stationary and mobile phases
-used for separation of photosynthetic pigments in leaves
-stationary= TLC sheet
-mobile phase= solvent: propanone
what is a TLC sheet
plastic coated with silica gel
what is the method of TLC separating photosynthetic pigments
- place 1cm2 of leaf material in a mortar, add approx 1ml solvent (propanone) and grind with pestle and mortar until liquid
- mark plate 1.5cm up from base with a straight line
- use a 10microleter pipette/capillary to place small drops of supernatant along the pencil line until concentrated line of colour
- place the plate into a beaker of solvent and cover with foil
- remove when the solvent has nearly reached the top of the plate and mark solvent and position of pigments front with pencil
-calculate Rf values and compare with pigment values = distance moved by pigment/ moved by solvent
what contains photosynthetic pigments, what are the different pigments, what is a cluster of pigments called
-thylakoids contain photosynthetic pigments
-light energy is absorbed by pigments in thylakoids
-clusters of pigments are called photosystems (PSI or PSII)
-chlorophyll a = reaction centre
-chlorophyll b, carotenoids, xanthophyll = accessory pigments
why is propanone a suitable extraction solvent
the pigments and soluble in it
how could you find out if pigment spots are pure or mixtures
carry out 2 way chromatography
