Structure of Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 1

Dorsal root of spinal cord is ____

Ventral root of spinal cord is ____

These roots meet at the ____

Answer 1

Dorsal - sensory

Ventral - motor

Spinal nerve- where roots join (very short, because they split again into dorsal and ventral ramus immediately after)

Question 2

Spinal nerves are all ___ nerves

Answer 2

MIXED

Every branch is mixed! Dorsal sensory and ventral motor

Question 3

Which is larger the spinal cord: ventral or dorsal ramus

Answer 3

Ventral (innervate front of body) is larger

The rami (branches) are all mixed, regardless of where they go

Question 4

How many pairs of cranial and spinal nerves, respectively?

Answer 4

Cranial- 12 pairs

Spinal- 31 pairs

Question 5

T/F: all rami (ventral and dorsal) contain cutaneous and muscular branches serving specific dermatome and myotome

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

Where are the cell bodies of the dorsal and ventral spinal cord root, respectively?

Answer 6

Dorsal (sensory) root- soma in dorsal root ganglion (outside of spinal column)

Ventral (motor) root- soma in ventral horns of central grey area of spinal cord

Question 7

largest part of the CNS which gives rise to the cerebral hemispheres and underlying basal ganglia

Answer 7

telencephalon

Question 8

the four thalamic subunits and the optic cup develop from the

Answer 8

diencephalon (“the between brain”)

Question 9

name the 5 secondary brain vesicles

Answer 9

telencephalon (largest), diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon

Question 10

mesencephalon forms the __
metencephalon forms the ___
myelencephalon forms the ___

Answer 10

mesencephalon forms the midbrain
metencephalon forms the pons and cerebellum (“little brain”)
myelencephalon forms the medulla

Question 11

what happens to the neural canal in postnatal life

Answer 11

forms ventricles and tubes that interconnect the ventricles

Question 12

lateral sulcus

Answer 12

largest of landmark separations, between tongue-like temporal lob and frontal/parietal lobes

Question 13

central sulcus

Answer 13

separates frontal and parietal lobes, somewhat perpendicular to lateral sulcus

Question 14

where can the occipital sulcus be seen

Answer 14

only commonly seen on medial aspect of each hemisphere

Question 15

insular cortex/lobe

Answer 15

lies deeply within lateral sulcus, under temporal/parietal/frontal lobes. functions to respond to taste information

Question 16

areas of gray matter that are sub-telencephalic in location

Answer 16

basal nuclei (ganglia)- motor control structures

Question 17

two major components of basal nuclei

Answer 17

caudate (tailed) nucleus and putamen

Question 18

the caudate nucleus and putamen of the basal nuclei are very similar, but are separated by

Answer 18

internal capsule- massive bundle of axons that contains all of the axons that are entering or exiting any lobe of the cerebral cortex

Question 19

what secondary brain vesicle is the thalamus a part of

Answer 19

diencephalon