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CVS Histology > Structure Of Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Structure Of Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Mention contents of tunica intima

A

Endothelium
Sub-endothelial layer
Internal elastic lamina

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2
Q

The IEL seperates … from …., while EEL separates …. from…..

A

Tunica intima from media

Tunica media from adventitia

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3
Q

Mention contentsvof tunica media

A 
Circularly arranges smooth muscles, interposed by:
Elastic lamellae
Reticular fibers
Proteoglycan & glycoprortein
External elastic lamina
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4
Q

Mention fibers present in tunica adventitia

A

Collagen type I & elastic fibers

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5
Q

Mention the type(s) of vessels of vasa vasorum

A

Arteriole, capillary, venules

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6
Q

Mention vessels in which vasa vasorum are more frequent

A

Medium & large sized vessels

Veins

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7
Q

GR: Large arteries are also called elastic & conducting

A

E, as they contain large amount if elastic lamina in their media
C, as they conduct blood away from the heart

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8
Q

Examples of large arteries

A

The aorta, pulmonary & subclavian artery

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9
Q

Mention the type of junction between endothelial cells of large arteries

A

Occluding junction

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10
Q

GR, The IEL is indistinguishable in large arteries

A

Since it merges with elastic lamina in the next layer

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11
Q

Mention layer forming main thickness of wall in large arteries

A

Tunica media

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12
Q

Mention composition of tunica adevntitia in large arteries

A

Relatively thin, formed of fibro-elastic CT containing type I collagen
Conatins numerous vasa vasorum, nerves & lymphatic vessels

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13
Q

GR: medium arteries are also called muscular & distributing

A

As they consist mainly of smooth muscle in their media & they control blood supply to different regions by contraction & relaxation of smooth muscles in their walls

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14
Q

Subendothelial CT layer of medium art contain ….

A

Smooth muscle fibers

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15
Q

Mention number of layers of smooth muscles in tunica media of medium art

A

Up to 40

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16
Q

Mention special features of subendothelial CT in coronaries

A

Contains fat droplets, monocytes & longitudinal SM, thickens with aging.

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17
Q

Describe composition of tunica media in coronaries

A

Inner longitudinal SM fibers
Outer circular SM fibers
Seperated by middle elastic lamina

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18
Q

Enumerate elastic laminae of coronary artery

A

3 (internal, middle, external)

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19
Q

Mention special features of basilar artery

A
  1. Has wide lumen & thin wall as vein
  2. Has well developed IEL as artery
  3. No elastic laminae in media
  4. Absent EEL
  5. Adventitia is as thick as media
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20
Q

Define atheroma

A

Infiltration of intima by fatty material which accumulate in macrophages & is accompanies by increased collagen deposition

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21
Q

Mention diameter of arterioles, post-capillary venules & collecting venules

A

A: 0.5 mm
PCV: 0.1 to 0.3 mm
CV: 0.3 to 0.5 mm

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22
Q

Mention structures which gradully disappear/diminish as arterioles dec in size

A

Thin IEL

Smooth muscles of tunica media

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23
Q

The smooth muscle fibers of tunica media in metarteriole are …..

A

Discontinuous

24
Q

Name structures which control blood flow to capillary bed from metarteriole

A

Pre-capillary sphincters

25
Q

Tunica media if arterioles has no ……

A

EEL

26
Q

The wall of PC venules consists of …..&…..

A

Single layer of endothelium w/ BM

Pericytes enclosed by basal lamina

27
Q

The wall of collecting venules consists of …..,….&….

A

Endothelial cells
Pericytes
Thin adventitia

28
Q

Tunica media of arteriole has NO

A

EEL

29
Q

Describe composition of muscular venules

A

Endothelium with basal lamina
Thin media formed of 2 or 3 layers of smooth muscles
Thin adventitia

30
Q

What us the thickest coat in medium & large sized veins

A

Tunica adventitia

31
Q

What is the function valves in veins?

A

Maintaining continuous flow of blood preventing return of blood back to venules

32
Q

Large veins have diameter greater than ….., e.g ……..

Their function is …..

A

10 mm
IVC & SVC
Ensure continuous flow of blood back to the heart and prevent pooling by means of valves

33
Q

Mention the special feature of tunica adventitia of large veins

A

Longitudinally disposed smooth muscle fibers at the inner part that strengthen the wall to prevent excessive distension

34
Q

Describe composition of valves of veins

A

Formed of 2 seminlunar folds of tunica intima, consist of CT rich in elastic fibers, lined by endothelium on both sides.

35
Q

Describe the intermediate segment in direct connection & the site of this AV anastomosis

A

Well developed media shows SM fibers richly innervated by autonomic nervous system
Site: tips of fingers & toes, nose, lips. Internal organs as stomach, intestine, liver & endocrine glands

36
Q

CCC & site of glomus

A

CCC by connective tissue capsule, its arteriole has no IEL, richly innervated thick muscular wall and narrow lumen.
Present in finger pads, fingernail beds & ears.

37
Q

Describe structure of blood capillaries

A

Single layer of endothelium resting on BM, pericytes enclosed in their own basal lamina which may fuse with that if endothelial cells.

38
Q

The longitudinal axis of endothelial cells is parallel to …..

A

Direction of blood flow

39
Q

Intermediate filament of endothelial cells are ….

A

Desmin & vimentin

40
Q

Mention junctions between endothelial cells

A

Occluding & gap junctions

41
Q

Write a short note on pericytes

A

Mesenchymal in origin
Pluripotent, undifferentiated cells can diff to SM cells, fibroblasts & endothelial cells. Contain actin, myosin & tropomyosin.

42
Q

Describe structure & site of continuous type of endothelial cells

A

A continuous complete wall of endothelial cells joined by tight junctions, complete basement membrane, pericytes enclosed within basal lamina, numerous pinocytotic vesicles for transport of substances to and from capillaries.
Site: skeletal muscles, cerebral capillaries, CT, thymus.

43
Q

Describe structure & site of fenestrated type of endothelial cells

A

Endothelial cells are joined by tight junction, has fenestrae closed by diaphragm, continuous basement membrane, pericytes, tissue fluid can pass through fenestrae.
Site: glomerulus of kidney, endocarine glands & intestinal tract.

44
Q

Describe structure and site of sinusoids

A

Lumen is irregular has wide diameter up to 40 um, discontinuous wall of endothelial cells separated by wide inter-cellular gaps having multiple fenestrae with no diaphragm, has macrophages but no pericytes. The wall is supported by reticular fibers.
Bone marrow, liver, spleen.

45
Q

GR: effect of aging on vessels

A

Due to inc secretion of collagen type I & III, changes in composition of elastin

46
Q

Define atherosclerosis

A

Fatty plaque deposits in the wall of arteries leading to narrowing or complete block of the vessel’s walls.

47
Q

Mention organs without lymphatics

A

CNS & bone marrow

48
Q

Lymphatic endothelial cells are…… than those of BV

A

Larger

49
Q

Name the structures which hold lymphatic capillaries open

A

Anchoring filaments

50
Q

…… prevent backflow from lymphatic capillaries

A

Endothelial folds

51
Q

Describe effect if diabetes mellitus on capillaries

A

Diffuse thickening of capillary basal laminae with concomitant decrease in metabolic exchange esp in kidney, retina & skin.

52
Q

Large lymphatic vesssels are similar to veins but have ….. walls and ….. valves

A

Thinner

More numerous internal

53
Q

Describe structure of thoracic & right lymphatic duct

A

Similar to large veins in structure, but smooth muscles in middle layer are longitudinally & circularly arranged. Its adventitia is thin with vasa vasorum and neural network

54
Q

Describe function of lymphatic vessels

A

Major distributor of lymphocytes, antibodies and other immune components which are picked up from lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissue.

55
Q

Define thoroughfare channel

A

Distal part of channel between arteriole and venule whose distal part is a metarteriole

CVS Histology (2 decks)

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