Structure Of Blood Vessels Flashcards by Karen Fouad

Mention contents of tunica intima

Endothelium
Sub-endothelial layer
Internal elastic lamina

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The IEL seperates … from …., while EEL separates …. from…..

Tunica intima from media

Tunica media from adventitia

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Mention contentsvof tunica media

Circularly arranges smooth muscles, interposed by:
Elastic lamellae
Reticular fibers
Proteoglycan & glycoprortein
External elastic lamina

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Mention fibers present in tunica adventitia

Collagen type I & elastic fibers

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Mention the type(s) of vessels of vasa vasorum

Arteriole, capillary, venules

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Mention vessels in which vasa vasorum are more frequent

Medium & large sized vessels

Veins

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GR: Large arteries are also called elastic & conducting

E, as they contain large amount if elastic lamina in their media
C, as they conduct blood away from the heart

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Examples of large arteries

The aorta, pulmonary & subclavian artery

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Mention the type of junction between endothelial cells of large arteries

Occluding junction

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GR, The IEL is indistinguishable in large arteries

Since it merges with elastic lamina in the next layer

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Mention layer forming main thickness of wall in large arteries

Tunica media

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Mention composition of tunica adevntitia in large arteries

Relatively thin, formed of fibro-elastic CT containing type I collagen
Conatins numerous vasa vasorum, nerves & lymphatic vessels

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GR: medium arteries are also called muscular & distributing

As they consist mainly of smooth muscle in their media & they control blood supply to different regions by contraction & relaxation of smooth muscles in their walls

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Subendothelial CT layer of medium art contain ….

Smooth muscle fibers

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Mention number of layers of smooth muscles in tunica media of medium art

Up to 40

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Mention special features of subendothelial CT in coronaries

Contains fat droplets, monocytes & longitudinal SM, thickens with aging.

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Describe composition of tunica media in coronaries

Inner longitudinal SM fibers
Outer circular SM fibers
Seperated by middle elastic lamina

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Enumerate elastic laminae of coronary artery

3 (internal, middle, external)

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Mention special features of basilar artery

Has wide lumen & thin wall as vein
Has well developed IEL as artery
No elastic laminae in media
Absent EEL
Adventitia is as thick as media

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Define atheroma

Infiltration of intima by fatty material which accumulate in macrophages & is accompanies by increased collagen deposition

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Mention diameter of arterioles, post-capillary venules & collecting venules

A: 0.5 mm
PCV: 0.1 to 0.3 mm
CV: 0.3 to 0.5 mm

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Mention structures which gradully disappear/diminish as arterioles dec in size

Thin IEL

Smooth muscles of tunica media

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The smooth muscle fibers of tunica media in metarteriole are …..

Discontinuous

Name structures which control blood flow to capillary bed from metarteriole

Pre-capillary sphincters

Tunica media if arterioles has no ……

EEL

The wall of PC venules consists of …..&…..

Single layer of endothelium w/ BM | Pericytes enclosed by basal lamina

The wall of collecting venules consists of …..,….&….

Endothelial cells Pericytes Thin adventitia

Tunica media of arteriole has NO

EEL

Describe composition of muscular venules

Endothelium with basal lamina Thin media formed of 2 or 3 layers of smooth muscles Thin adventitia

What us the thickest coat in medium & large sized veins

Tunica adventitia

What is the function valves in veins?

Maintaining continuous flow of blood preventing return of blood back to venules

Large veins have diameter greater than ….., e.g …….. | Their function is …..

10 mm IVC & SVC Ensure continuous flow of blood back to the heart and prevent pooling by means of valves

Mention the special feature of tunica adventitia of large veins

Longitudinally disposed smooth muscle fibers at the inner part that strengthen the wall to prevent excessive distension

Describe composition of valves of veins

Formed of 2 seminlunar folds of tunica intima, consist of CT rich in elastic fibers, lined by endothelium on both sides.

Describe the intermediate segment in direct connection & the site of this AV anastomosis

Well developed media shows SM fibers richly innervated by autonomic nervous system Site: tips of fingers & toes, nose, lips. Internal organs as stomach, intestine, liver & endocrine glands

CCC & site of glomus

CCC by connective tissue capsule, its arteriole has no IEL, richly innervated thick muscular wall and narrow lumen. Present in finger pads, fingernail beds & ears.

Describe structure of blood capillaries

Single layer of endothelium resting on BM, pericytes enclosed in their own basal lamina which may fuse with that if endothelial cells.

The longitudinal axis of endothelial cells is parallel to …..

Direction of blood flow

Intermediate filament of endothelial cells are ….

Desmin & vimentin

Mention junctions between endothelial cells

Occluding & gap junctions

Write a short note on pericytes

Mesenchymal in origin Pluripotent, undifferentiated cells can diff to SM cells, fibroblasts & endothelial cells. Contain actin, myosin & tropomyosin.

Describe structure & site of continuous type of endothelial cells

A continuous complete wall of endothelial cells joined by tight junctions, complete basement membrane, pericytes enclosed within basal lamina, numerous pinocytotic vesicles for transport of substances to and from capillaries. Site: skeletal muscles, cerebral capillaries, CT, thymus.

Describe structure & site of fenestrated type of endothelial cells

Endothelial cells are joined by tight junction, has fenestrae closed by diaphragm, continuous basement membrane, pericytes, tissue fluid can pass through fenestrae. Site: glomerulus of kidney, endocarine glands & intestinal tract.

Describe structure and site of sinusoids

Lumen is irregular has wide diameter up to 40 um, discontinuous wall of endothelial cells separated by wide inter-cellular gaps having multiple fenestrae with no diaphragm, has macrophages but no pericytes. The wall is supported by reticular fibers. Bone marrow, liver, spleen.

GR: effect of aging on vessels

Due to inc secretion of collagen type I & III, changes in composition of elastin

Define atherosclerosis

Fatty plaque deposits in the wall of arteries leading to narrowing or complete block of the vessel’s walls.

Mention organs without lymphatics

CNS & bone marrow

Lymphatic endothelial cells are…… than those of BV

Larger

Name the structures which hold lymphatic capillaries open

Anchoring filaments

…… prevent backflow from lymphatic capillaries

Endothelial folds

Describe effect if diabetes mellitus on capillaries

Diffuse thickening of capillary basal laminae with concomitant decrease in metabolic exchange esp in kidney, retina & skin.

Large lymphatic vesssels are similar to veins but have ….. walls and ….. valves

Thinner | More numerous internal

Describe structure of thoracic & right lymphatic duct

Similar to large veins in structure, but smooth muscles in middle layer are longitudinally & circularly arranged. Its adventitia is thin with vasa vasorum and neural network

Describe function of lymphatic vessels

Major distributor of lymphocytes, antibodies and other immune components which are picked up from lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissue.

Define thoroughfare channel

Distal part of channel between arteriole and venule whose distal part is a metarteriole