Structure of a skeleton - lecture 3

Question 1

Functions of skeleton

Answer 1

Support
Movement (bones are levers)
Protection (major organs)
Storage (minerals)
Red blood cell formation (in marrow)

Question 2

Structure of bones

Answer 2

Compact bone
Cancellous (aka trabecular bone)

Question 3

Compact bone

Answer 3

String
Good at transmitting force in one direction)

Question 4

Cancellous bone

Answer 4

Light, spongy bone
Shock-absorbing
Resists and channels forces that come from multiple directions

Question 5

Bone classes

Answer 5

Long bones
Short bone
Flat bone
Irregular bones

Question 6

Long bones

Answer 6

Longer then they are wider
Composed of wider epiphyses and a longer, narrower diaphysis
Act as levers for movement
Thicker compact bone in diaphysis
Mostly limb bones

Question 7

Short bones

Answer 7

Close to equal width and length
Mostly cancellous bone
Weight bearing (from multiple directions)
E.g. carpals and tarsals

Question 8

Flat bones

Answer 8

Function usually for muscle attachment (e.g. scapula)
Also protection (e.g. skull, sternum)
Thin plates of compact bone (some cancellous too)

Question 9

Irregular bones

Answer 9

Doesnt seem to fit into any other category? (probably an irregular bone)
Various shapes and functions
Not long, not round/square shaped, not just cancellous bone, not flat, often have foramina (holes)

Question 10

Axial skeleton

Answer 10

Bones of the core - skull, sternum, ribs, vertebral column, sacrum coccyx
Protection of vital organs

Question 11

Appendicular

Answer 11

Bones of the limbs
Most important for movement

Question 12

The Skull

Answer 12

Cranium - encloses the brain, muscle attachment
Facial bones - protect and support sensory organs
Joins at sutures - immovable