Structure & Function of Large Biological Molecules

Question 1

4 classes of large biological molecules

Answer 1

carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins

Question 2

macromolecules

Answer 2

polymers built from monomers

Question 3

polymers

Answer 3

long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks

Question 4

monomer

Answer 4

repeating units that serve as building blocks

Question 5

enzymes

Answer 5

specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions such as those that make or break down polymers

Question 6

dehydration reaction

Answer 6

occurs when 2 monomers bond together through loss of water molecule

Question 7

hydrolysis

Answer 7

reaction that breaks a bond by absorbing a water molecule

Question 8

carbohydrates

Answer 8

includes sugars and polymers of sugars

Question 9

monosaccharides

Answer 9

have molecular formulas that usually multiples of (CH20)6

Question 10

most common monosaccharides

Answer 10

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 11

covalent bond of carbohydrates

Answer 11

glycosidic linkage

Question 12

polysaccharides

Answer 12

polymers of sugars, have storage and structural roles

Question 13

carbohydrate polysaccharides

Answer 13

starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin

Question 14

starch

Answer 14

storage polysaccharides of plants

Question 15

simplest form of starch

Answer 15

amylose

Question 16

glycogen

Answer 16

storage polysaccharide of animals (stored mainly in liver and muscle cell)

Question 17

cellulose

Answer 17

major components of tough wall of plant cells

Question 18

chitin

Answer 18

found in exoskeleton of antropods (animals and fungi)

Question 19

lipids

Answer 19

class that does not include true polymers

Question 20

3 types of lipids

Answer 20

fats, phospholipids, steroids

Question 21

fats

Answer 21

constructed from 2 types of smaller molecules (fatty acids and glycerol)

Question 22

glycerol

Answer 22

3-carbon alcohol with hydroxyl group attached to each carbon

Question 23

fatty acids

Answer 23

consists of carboxyl group attached to long carbon skeleton

Question 24

Esther linkage

Answer 24

covalent bond that links glycerol and fatty acids

Question 25

saturated fatty acids

Answer 25

have max number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds (only single bonds)

Question 26

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 26

1 or more cis double bonds

Question 27

function of fats

Answer 27

energy storage, humans and other mammals store food in adipose cells

Question 28

adipose tissues

Answer 28

cushion vital organs and insulates body

Question 29

brown fat

Answer 29

used for thermal regulation

Question 30

phospholipids

Answer 30

2 fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to glycerol

Question 31

parts of phospholipids

Answer 31

fatty acid tails- hydrophobic
phosphate group and attachments- hydrophilic

Question 32

bilayers

Answer 32

double layered sheets that phospholipids self-absorb into when added to water

Question 33

steroids

Answer 33

lipids characterized by carbon skeletons consisting of 4 fused rings

Question 34

cholestrol

Answer 34

type of steroid, component in animal cell membranes and precursor from which other steroids are synthesized

Question 35

proteins

Answer 35

how steroids express genetic code and account for more than 50% of dry mass of most cells

Question 36

enzymes as proteins

Answer 36

proteins that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions

Question 37

polypeptides

Answer 37

unbranched polymers built from amino acids