Structure-Function Notes

Question 1

denticulate ligaments are made up of ___ . What is their role?

Answer 1

Pia matter. Help anchor the SC in the dura sheath

Question 2

what fibres terminate in the substantia gelatinosa and the nucelus prioprius?

Answer 2

C-fibres and a delta fibres carrying nociceptive information

Question 3

what information is carried in the dorsal spinocerebellar tract?

Answer 3

proprioceptive information from the trunk and lower limb. information about muscle strength and muscle tension from lower limbs allow for adjustment of posture.

Question 4

where does the anterior thalamic nuclei project to and get projections from?

Answer 4

projects to - cingulate cortex

projections from - mammillothalamic tract, mam bodies

Question 5

where does the ventroanterio and ventrolateral thalamic nuclei project to and get projections from

Answer 5

projects to - motor cortex

projections from - cerebellum, basal ganglia

Question 6

where does the mediodorsal thalamic nuclei project to and get projections from?

Answer 6

projects to - PFC

projections from - amygdala, olfactory structure, PFC

Question 7

where does the ventroposterior thalamic nuclei project to and get projections from?

Answer 7

projects to - S1

projections from - medial lemniscus, STT, trigeminothalamic tract

Question 8

where does the pulvinar project to and get projections from?

Answer 8

projects to - parietal, occicipatal and temporal asociationa reas
projections from - SC, parital, occipital and remproal ascoiation areas.

Question 9

major functional domain of each thalamic nuclei

Answer 9

anterior - cognition 
VA/VL - motor 
VP - sensory 
DM - emotion 
pulvinar - attention 
LGN - vision 
MDN - audition/visual perception

Question 10

describe the input and output of the 3 cerebellar peduncles

Answer 10

superior - mainly output from cerebellum to cerebral cortex
middle - contains contralateral fibres from the pontine nuclei to the alteral cerebellar hemipshere - cortico-ponto-cerebellar
inferior - manny afferents and efferents .g. spinocerebellar, vestibulocerebellar and cerebellar-vestibular

Question 11

function of SMA

Answer 11

planning of voluntary movement, particularly distal muscles

Question 12

function of PMA

Answer 12

preparation of movement of trunk and proximal muscles

Question 13

function of Broca’s area

Answer 13

planning of movement of the mouth and vocal cords to make speech

Question 14

function of gyrus rectus

Answer 14

decision making and planning in relation to reward and emotion

Question 15

role of superior parietal lobule

Answer 15

involved in spatial orientation - gets somatosensory input from hands and visual input

Question 16

role of precuneous

Answer 16

involved in mental imagery concerning the self and episodic memory. also visuospatial imagery.

Question 17

function of supramarginal gyrus

Answer 17

language perception and processing.

Question 18

function of angular gyrus

Answer 18

transferring visual information to wernicke’s area in order to make meaning out of visually percieved words.

Question 19

function of paracentral lobule

Answer 19

contains M1 and S1 sensory cortices –> primary motor and somatosensation of feet and toes

Question 20

function of cingulate cortex

Answer 20

receives projections from mam bodies, visceral motor relay, involved in emotionally charged and cognitively demanding task, emotional awareness.

Question 21

what fibres synapse in the cuneus

Answer 21

fibres of the optic radiation

Question 22

where is the primary visual cortex

Answer 22

calcrine sulcus

Question 23

what is the lingual gyrus involved in

Answer 23

perception and recognition of familiar landmarks, scenes and faces and visual identification of facial expression fo emotions. secondary visual area.

Question 24

fusiform gyrus is involved in ___

Answer 24

facial recognition

Question 25

pars opercularis is involved in

Answer 25

formation of speech - part of broa’s area

Question 26

what is a tract that makes up a major part of the internal capsule

Answer 26

CSt.

Question 27

role of habenula

Answer 27

receives input from stria medullaris thalamus and outputs to many midbrain areas involved in reward processing. communicates with structures releasing dopamine, NA and serotonin.

Question 28

what kind of neurons reside in the subthalamus. And what structure do these neurons project to

Answer 28

glutamatergic neurons. Project to globus pallidus and SN.

Question 29

where does the subthalamic nucleus receive its projections from

Answer 29

GPe

Question 30

where does the NA receive its projection from

Answer 30

cingulate cotex, amydgala, hippocmapsu, VTA

Question 31

where does the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum project to

Answer 31

contralateral VL nucleus of the thalamus via superior cerebellar peduncle –> cortex + red nucleus _ inferior olivary nucleus

Question 32

what are the names of the 4 deep cerebellar nuclei

Answer 32

dentate, globus, emboliform, fastigial

Question 33

function of subiculum

Answer 33

receives projections from hippocampus and projects them to entorhinal cortex.