Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

plant Biology > Structure and tissues in plants > Flashcards

Structure and tissues in plants Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a tissue

A

A tissue is group of one or more cell types which carry out specific functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do we call the structures of plant root and shoot with meristematic properties

A

Apices
Buds
Meristems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are meristems?

A

Undifferentiated tissues ,consisting of cells which constantly divide under suitable conditions and produce new cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Functions of meristems

A

Help in plant growth

Produce new plant cells which differentiate into new plant tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Do meristems always divide?

A

No, meristems do have dormant period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give 8 characteristics of meristems?

A 
Are living
Are isodiametric ( roughly spherical )
Are structurally and functionally undifferentiated 
Have central nucleus 
Have dense cytoplasm 
Have the ability to multiple 
Have thin primary cell wall
Large central vacuole absent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Write the location of the following meristematic tissues?
Apical meristems
Lateral meristems
Intercalary meristems

A

Apical meristems-located at root tips and shoot tips
Lateral meristems- Found laterally in stem and root of the plants
Intercalary meristems- base of the stem of grass, in nodes of grasses and bamboo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the type of meristems involved in following functions?

1) primary growth of shoot and root ( increases the length of the plant)
2) secondary growth of shoot and root ( increases the circumference of roots and stems )
3) production of secondary xylem and secondary phloem during secondary growth
4) production of tough periderm during secondary growth
6) rapid growth of damaged leaves

A

1) apical meristems
2) lateral meristems
3) vascular cambium [lateral meristems]
4) cork cambium [ “]
5) intercalary meristems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

To which direction do cell division occur in primary growth of roots ?

A

New cells are produced to both sides of the root apical meristems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the structures included in the zone of cell division in primary growth of roots?

A

Root apical meristems and it’s derivative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do the cells produced outwards differentiate into in primary growth of plant?

A

Differentiate into root cap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the meristematic tissue found only in monocot plants?

Give the location of this tissue

A

Intercalary meristems
At the base of leaf blades
Nodes
Stems of bamboo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define primary growth of roots?

A

Elongation of root due to the activity of primary meristems located on root apex is called primary growth of roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do the epidermis of root possess?

A

Root hair for absorbing soil solutions

Do not possess stomata Because roots are underground parts which do not involve in gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens to the cells produced inward to the apical meristems in primary growth of roots

A

Undergo elongation, in the zone of cell elongation
Then cells become specialized in the zone of cell maturation
And finally becomes mature cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do the epidermis of stem possess?

A

Stomata for gas exchange.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do the following primary structures in dicot root and stem develop into after secondary growth?

Epidermis

A

Periderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Root hair

A

Roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stomata

A

Lenticels

17
Q

Pericycle in root

A

Lateral roots

18
Q

Pericycle in stem

A

Lateral shoot

19
Q

What do the following primary structures in shoots develop into after secondary growth?

Leaf primodia

A

Leaves

20
Q

To which direction do cell division occur in primary growth of shoot?

A

Only towards the stem.

reason : they do not need a cover to protect them from sunlight because leaf primordia acts as a cover

21
Q

To which direction do primary growth of roots occur in plants?

A

Cell are produced both outwards and inwards to the apical meristems.

22
Q

Name three tissue systems in plants?

A

Dermal tissue system
Ground tissue system
Vascular tissue system

23
Q

Give an example for dermal tissue before and after secondary growth

A

Before : epidermis

After: periderm

24
Q

Name 3 specialized cells found in the epidermis?

A

Guard cells ,trichomes, root hair

25
Q

Give 5 features of epidermis?

A

Protective outer covering of stems and roots in plant body and leaves

Tightly packed cells without intercellular spaces

A single cell layer tissue

Epidermal coating in aerial parts are covered by cuticle

Has specialized cells in them.

26
Q

Give functions of epidermis?

A

Defense against physical damage and pathogens

Cuticle helps to prevent water loss

Root hairs involve in absorption of water and mineral

Guard cells help in gaseous exchange

Trichomes ( hairs and glands )
Hairs reduce water loss, shiny hairs reflect excess light
Trichomes secrete chemicals involves in defense against insects, pathogens and herbivores.

27
Q

Name two types of ground tissues?

A

Pith ( inner to vascular tissue)

Cortex ( outer to vascular tissue )

28
Q

Name three main types of cells in ground tissue?

A

Parenchyma cells
Collenchyma cells
Sclerenchyma cells

29
Q

Name four main types of functions carried out by ground tissues?

A

Storage
Photosynthesis
Support
Short distance transport

30
Q

Give 5 features of parenchyma cells

A

Living at functional maturity

Mature cells have relatively thin and flexible primary cell wall ( most cells lack secondary cell wall )

Cell wall has a uniform thickness without any lignification or suberisation

Have a large central vacuole

Plasmodesmata are present between neighboring cells

Has intracellular spaces

31
Q

Give five functions of Parenchyma cells?

A

Perform metabolic functions (photosynthesis) [ as they are living ]
Storage [ stems and roots contain plastids, leucoplast to store starch]
Wound repair [ as they have the ability to divide and differentiate]
Used in tissue culture practice [ As they have the ability to divide and differentiate]
Provide mechanical support [ turgidity in vacuoles]

32
Q

Define primary growth of shoot

A

Elongation of shoot as result of the activity of primary meristems located in the shoot apex is called primary growth of shoot

33
Q

Give six features of Collenchyma cells?

A

Living at functional maturity

generally elongated

Have a thicker flexible primary cell wall

Cell wall is unevenly thickened at the corners of the cell only by cellulose.
Lignification or suberization is absent.

Plasmodesmata are present between adjoining cells

Usually intercellular spaces are absent

34
Q

Function of collenchyma cells

A

Give mechanical support to the stem and leaf without restraining growth.

[ cell wall has thicker primary cell wall hence it provides support, cell wall is flexible without lignification or suberization therefore do not restrain the growth]

35
Q

Give 4 features of sclerenchyma cells

A

Secondary cell walls are produced after cell elongation

Secondary cell walls are thickened by large amounts of lignin

They are dead at functional maturity

Plasmodesmata are absent

Plasmodesmata Are absent

36
Q

Name two types of sclerenchyma cells?

A

Trachieds and fibers

37
Q

Function of sclerenchyma cells

A

These cells are specialized to provide support and strength

40
Q

What are the locations where we can find collenchyma cells

A

In young stems and petioles strands of collenchyma cells are found just below their epidermis

Found in veins of dicot leaves

40
Q

Where can we find epidermis in plants

A

In stems and root in primary plant body

In leaves of all plants

40
Q

State the parenchyma cells perform photosynthesis

A

Palisade and spongy mesophyll

40
Q

State the parenchyma cells which stores starch

A

Cells in roots and stem which contain plastids(leucoplast) in them

40
Q

Locations where parenchyma cells are found

A

Mesophyll cells found in leaves and young stems
Fleshy part of fruit and seed (endosperm)
Pith and cortex of root and stem

41
Q

Locations where sclerenchyma cells are found

A

Nut shells
Coconut shell
Fibers

plant Biology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions