Structure and replication of DNA Flashcards
What are the main FLS concepts?
The central dogma
Changes in gene expression results in cell specialisation
Cell structure and function is entirely dependent upon energy
What is the central dogma?
The idea of the two-step process of transcription and translation
Information resides in NDA which goes to RNA which in turn transmits information. The proteins then act based upon this information.
what is DNA?
A macromolecule of a nucleic acid
What is DNA made of?
Two polynucleotide chains
What is each polynucleotide made up of?
Many nucleotides
What does a nucleotide consist of?
5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
Nitrogen containing base
Phosphate group
Name the four bases
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
What is a nucleoside?
Sugar + base
What is the bond between the sugar and the base?
A glycosidic bond
What is the bond between the sugar and the phosphate?
A phosphodiester bond
Why is DNA described as anti-parallel?
The two strands run parallel to each other but in opposite directions
How many hydrogen bonds are there between adenine and thymine?
Two
How many hydrogen bonds are there between cytosine and guanine?
Three
Which two bases are purine?
Adenine
Guanine
Which two bases are pyramidine?
Cytosine
Thymine
How does a purine base differ from a pyramidine base?
Purine bases have two rings
Pyramidine bases have one ring