Structure and nomenclature of organic compounds

Question 1

Elemental properties of organic compounds

Properties of carbon

Answer 1

• Valency of 4

- extremely strong and stable

Question 2

Elemental properties of organic compounds
Properties of carbon

Explain stability

Answer 2

The stability of atoms depends on whether or not there out-most shell is filled with electrons. If the outer shell is filled, the atom is stable
-bonds with the highest strength also have the higher stability

Question 3

Elemental properties of organic compounds
Properties of carbon

Bond strength

Answer 3

(dispersion>hydrogen>covalent)
-C form covalent bonds with each other and other metallic atoms
-Bond energy is affected by:
Bond length; distance between center of bonded atom -shorter length = stronger bond
Size of atom; smaller=stronger bonds

Question 4

Elemental properties of organic compounds
Alkanols (alcohols)

Description of:

• primary 1°
• secondary 2°
• tertiary 3°

Answer 4

• the hydroxyl (OH) group is on terminal (end) C
• The hydroxyl (OH) group is on middle C, C is only to bonded to 2 other C
• The hydroxyl (OH) is on middle carbon. C is only bonded to 3 other C

Question 5

Elemental properties of organic compounds 
Carboxylic acid (carboxyl)

Structure

Answer 5

• C - OH
  ||
  O

Question 6

Elemental properties of organic compounds 
Carboxylic acid (carboxyl)

Properties
-
-
-
-

Answer 6

• Highly polar (can from H bonds with itself and water)
• high melting points
• name ends in -oic acid-
• generally week acid

Question 7

Elemental properties of organic compounds
Ester

Structure

Answer 7

• C - O -
  ||
  O

Question 8

Elemental properties of organic compounds
Ester

Name

Answer 8

‘-yl’ stems from alcohol

‘-oate’ stems from carboxylic acid

Question 9

Elemental properties of organic compounds

What are haloalkanes

Answer 9

Organic compound like alkanes, except have at least one C-Cl, C-Br, or C-I bond (CnH2n+1)
Chloro, bromo, and iodo

Question 10

Elemental properties of organic compounds 
Primary amines (amino)

structure

Answer 10

-NH2

Question 11

Elemental properties of organic compounds 
Primary amines (amino)

Properties

Answer 11

• ends in -amine
• Polar
• Can act as weak base

Question 12

Elemental properties of organic compounds
Ketones (carbonyl)

structure

Answer 12

• C - (C=O)
  ||
  O

Question 13

Elemental properties of organic compounds
Ketones (carbonyl)

Properties

Answer 13

• Polar

- Melting point = alkanes

Question 14

Elemental properties of organic compounds
Aldehydes (carbonyl)

structure

Answer 14

• C - H
  ||
  O

Question 15

Elemental properties of organic compounds
Aldehydes (carbonyl)

Properties

Answer 15

• polar
• melting point = alkanes
• cannot bond with other aldehydes

Question 16

Elemental properties of organic compounds
Primary amides (amides)

structure

Answer 16

|
- C - N -
||
O

Question 17

Elemental properties of organic compounds
Primary amides (amides)

Properties

Answer 17

• polar
• can bond with other amide
• high melting point

Question 18

Elemental properties of organic compounds
Benzene

structure

Answer 18

C6H6 (forms double bond with second c(3), 6 sided hexagon)

Question 19

Elemental properties of organic compounds
Ether

structure

Answer 19

• O -

Question 20

Elemental properties of organic compounds
IUPAC systematic naming

Haloalkanes

Answer 20

• # C chain begins at end of first halo group
• List halo group in alphabetical order

C - C - C 1-brromopropane
|
Br

Question 21

Elemental properties of organic compounds
IUPAC systematic naming

Alcohol (same for amine)

Answer 21

-Start C chain from end closest to hydroxyl group

C - C - C - C      butan-2-ol
       |
      O
      |
      H

Question 22

Elemental properties of organic compounds
IUPAC systematic naming

Hydrocarbons

Answer 22

Start # from double/ triple bond

Question 23

Elemental properties of organic compounds
IUPAC systematic naming

Ester

Answer 23

O
||
- C - C - O - C - C - C

Propyl Ethanoate

Question 24

Elemental properties of organic compounds
IUPAC systematic naming

Carboxylic acid

Answer 24

Carboxyl group is always carbon 1

             O
             || C - C - C - C - O - H