Categories, properties and reactions of organic compounds

Question 1

Physical properties of organic compounds

Organic compound bonding

• Intramolecular
• Intermolecular

Answer 1

• Within molecule

- Between molecule

Question 2

Physical properties of organic compounds
Organic compound bonding

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Answer 2

• Non- polar covalent

- Polar covalent

Question 3

Physical properties of organic compounds
Organic compound bonding

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-

Answer 3

• Dispersion
• Dipole dipole
• hydrogen bonding

Question 4

Physical properties of organic compounds

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-

Answer 4

• Stronger inter molecular bonding = higher boiling point
• Straight hydrocarbons = greater sa (pack more closely and exhibit stronger dispersion forces) = higher boiling points.
• Larger molecules exhibit stronger dispersion forces

Question 5

Physical properties of organic compounds

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Answer 5

• Stronger intermolecular bond tend to hold the molecule close to one another, increasing viscosity
• Larger (also easily entangled=prevent flow) and narrow molecules tend to exhibit stronger dispersion forces

Question 6

Physical properties of organic compounds

Flashpoint define

Answer 6

Lowest temp at which a substance would ignite (combust) given an ignition source

Question 7

Physical properties of organic compounds

Boiling point define

Answer 7

Temp at which a liquid is converted into a gas

Question 8

Physical properties of organic compounds

Viscosity define

Answer 8

The degree of resistance a liquid has to flow

Question 9

Physical properties of organic compounds

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-

Answer 9

• lower boiling point, more volatile (substance that evaporates readily at normal temp) the liquid is = lower flashpoints
• Weaker intermolecular bonds = lower flash points
• Flashpoint increases with # of C

Question 10

Reaction of organic compounds

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Answer 10

• In presence of excess oxygen combustion results in the production of CO2 and H2O
• If oxygen is our limiting reagent the reaction will produce CO
• Exo in nature

Question 11

Reaction of organic compounds

Alkanes
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Answer 11

• Boring and unreactive
• Can undergo combustion
• Highly reactive oxidising agents
• Can undergo (photochemical) substitution

Question 12

Reaction of organic compounds

Answer 12

-Undergo substitution where halogen atom is replaced by another functional group
(Can react with hydroixde ions to form alkanol)
(can react with ammonia to form amine) ..no cat required

Question 13

Reaction of organic compounds

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Answer 13

• addition reactions (two reactants combine to form single product)…= bone becomes -
• hydrogenation (still addition) requires catalyst

Question 14

Reaction of organic compounds

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-

Answer 14

• Joining of monomer result in formation of a polymer
• = of alkene breaks to form - covalent bond with neighboring monomer
• empirical formula of each monomer = formula of polymer.

Question 15

Reaction of organic compounds

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-

Answer 15

-Oxidation of secondary alkanol leads to formation of ketone
-Oxidation of primary alkanol yields aldehyde BUT if use excess of oxidizing agent then you can reduce carboxylic acid
-Carboxylic acid can react as an acid, with alkanols to form an ester OR with amines to from an amide.
(higher temp and longer reaction times favour the production of carboxylic over aldehyde)

Question 16

Reaction of organic compounds

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Answer 16

• Carboxylic acid can react with an alkanol, in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid to form an ester
• Required catalyst

Question 17

Reaction of organic compounds

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Answer 17

• Is a reversible reaction whereby ester can react with water to form alcohol and carboxylic acid
• requires catalyst (H2O and H, dilute acid)

Question 18

Reaction of organic compounds

Formation of amide

Answer 18

-carboxylic acid can react with amines to form amides