Structure and nomenclature of organic compounds Flashcards
-O-H
alcohol (ol)
- C=O
- H
Aldehyde (al)
> C=O
carbonyl (ketone) (one)
COOH
carboxyl (carboxylic acid) (oic acid)
=O
- C
- O-
ester (alkyl alkanoate)
-O-
ether (alkoxyalkane, or name the two groups attached to the ether link)
-NH2
amiNe (amine)
-CONH2
amiDe (amide)
- Cl
- Br
- I
haloalkanes (cholro)
(bromo)
(iodo)
Addition of primary alcohols
oxidisation–> carboxylic acids and aldehydes
adition of secondary alcohols
oxidisation–> aldehydes
acids cannot be made as the -OH is not at the end of the chain
What does substitution require?
A catalyst of sorts: UV light (easier to control), or heat.
alcohol + H+ + Cr2O72- (catalyst)
oxidisation: aldehyde
aldehyde + H+ + Cr2O72- (catalyst)
oxidisation: carboxylic acid
alcohol + NH3 + alumina(catalyst) + high temp
substitution: amine
alcohol + (al2O3) + high temp
dehydration: alkene
carboxyl acid + base
acid/base neutalisation: ;)
carboxyl acid + water
still acid/base: dissociation eg: CH3COO- + H3O+
carbon valence, and what this means?
4 electrons. Therefore carbon can form four single bonds or multiple bonds to complete the outer sheel
unsaturated hydrocarbons
single bonds
saturated hydrocarbons
double and triple
cyclic hydrocarbons
different combinations of double and single bonds b/w each carbon atom.
benzene formula
C6H6
structual isomers
the basic shit. they have similar properties.
