Structure and nomenclature of organic compounds

Question 1

-O-H

Answer 1

alcohol (ol)

Question 2

• C=O

- H

Answer 2

Aldehyde (al)

Question 3

> C=O

Answer 3

carbonyl (ketone) (one)

Question 4

COOH

Answer 4

carboxyl (carboxylic acid) (oic acid)

Question 5

=O

• C
  
  • O-

Answer 5

ester (alkyl alkanoate)

Question 6

-O-

Answer 6

ether (alkoxyalkane, or name the two groups attached to the ether link)

Question 7

-NH2

Answer 7

amiNe (amine)

Question 8

-CONH2

Answer 8

amiDe (amide)

Question 9

• Cl
• Br
• I

Answer 9

haloalkanes (cholro)
(bromo)
(iodo)

Question 10

Addition of primary alcohols

Answer 10

oxidisation–> carboxylic acids and aldehydes

Question 11

adition of secondary alcohols

Answer 11

oxidisation–> aldehydes

acids cannot be made as the -OH is not at the end of the chain

Question 12

What does substitution require?

Answer 12

A catalyst of sorts: UV light (easier to control), or heat.

Question 13

alcohol + H+ + Cr2O72- (catalyst)

Answer 13

oxidisation: aldehyde

Question 14

aldehyde + H+ + Cr2O72- (catalyst)

Answer 14

oxidisation: carboxylic acid

Question 15

alcohol + NH3 + alumina(catalyst) + high temp

Answer 15

substitution: amine

Question 16

alcohol + (al2O3) + high temp

Answer 16

dehydration: alkene

Question 17

carboxyl acid + base

Answer 17

acid/base neutalisation: ;)

Question 18

carboxyl acid + water

Answer 18

still acid/base: dissociation eg: CH3COO- + H3O+

Question 19

carbon valence, and what this means?

Answer 19

4 electrons. Therefore carbon can form four single bonds or multiple bonds to complete the outer sheel

Question 20

unsaturated hydrocarbons

Answer 20

single bonds

Question 21

saturated hydrocarbons

Answer 21

double and triple

Question 22

cyclic hydrocarbons

Answer 22

different combinations of double and single bonds b/w each carbon atom.

Question 23

benzene formula

Answer 23

C6H6

Question 24

structual isomers

Answer 24

the basic shit. they have similar properties.

Question 25

stereoisomers: optical isomers

Answer 25

• have chiral centre
• mirror image is not superimposable.
• eg hand
• enantiomers

Question 26

stereoisomers: geometric isomers

Answer 26

• cis and trans
• cis= same side
• trans= oppisite
• have diff chemical and physical properties

Question 27

primary alcohol

Answer 27

terminal

Question 28

seconday alcohol

Answer 28

the carbon the OH is attached to is bonded to 2 other carbons.

Question 29

Tertiary alcohol

Answer 29

the carbon that the OH group is attached to is bonded to 3 other carbons