Structure and Growth of Angiosperms Flashcards
Organs
-leaves, flowers, root part
systems
-root system and shoot system
tissues
- dermal: the outermost layer of the plant, epidermis and cuticle
- vascular: the moving of water and nutrients through plant, also known as xylem
- ground: not dermal or vascular tissue
Xylem Vascular Tissue
- tracheids: elongated dead cells that move water, heavily lignined
- vessel elements: stacked end to end
- phloem: sieve tube members + guard cells
Ground Tissue
-pith and cortex
Cell types:
parenchyma: average plant cell, metabolic + water vacuole
sclerenchyma: very thick secondary cell walls, dead when mature,
collenchyma: support specialized
Roots
fibrous: monocots
taproots: dicots
function: anchor plant, uptake water, stores food, exchange of nutrients
Root Hairs
-increases the surface area of a root for absorption
Root caps
- suberin, really strong + waterproof
- continuously shredded and remade
- like a helmet for the root
Meristem
- the lengthening of roots
- protoderm: dermal tissue
- procambium: vascular tissue
- ground meristem: ground tissue
Shoot System
- nodes, internodes, terminal branches
- apical meristem: where growth happens In terminal bud
- axillary bud: along the length, only grow when apical meristem is cut off
stolon
- a horizontal stem is used for asexual reproduction, where they grow outwards makes new roots and shoots
ie. strawberries
Rhizome
-horizontal runner underground
bulb
-a place for new growth
tubers
-the underground stem, stores starch
Leaves
- blade, stalk and petiole
- venation: parallel and reticulate (branching)
Anatomy
- mesophyll: filled with chloroplasts
- stomata: a pore that controls the rate of gas exchange
- air spaces: a place for gas exchange
Growth
intermediate growth: continues to grow throughout their entire life
annual: only a year
biennial: two years
perennials: many years
Types of growth
Primary: from meristem (THE ADDITION OF GROWTH)
secondary growth: growth from lateral meristems
Bark
- periderm + phloem
- from secondary xylem and phloem
- produced by the cork cambium
