Structure and Function of the heart Flashcards
What does the heart consist of?
The Heart consists of four chambers the left and right are separate but there are valves between the top and bottom chambers
What are the upper and lower chambers?
the upper chamber is the left and right atria and they receive blood. the bottom chamber is the left and right ventricle and they pump blood out of the heart
What is the process of deoxygenated blood?
deoxygenated blood arrives to the right atrium from the vena cava. next, it is sent to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. it is then pushed by the muscles of the right ventricle to the lungs through the pulmonary artery to be oxygenated
what is the process of oxygenated blood?
oxygenated blood returns from the lungs back to the left atrium. it is then pushed into the left ventricle through the bicuspid valve and then out of the aorta through the aortic semilunar valve.
What is the structure of the atrium
The atrium is a thin-walled chamber that receives blood from the veins
What is the function of the right atrium?
The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava and pumps it to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve
What is the function of the left atrium
The left atrium receives oxygenated blood to the heart from the pulmonary veins.
What is the structure of the left ventricle
The left ventricle is one of the four chambers and is located in the bottom left below the left atrium
What is the structure of the right ventricle
The right ventricle is triangular in shape and extends from the tricuspid valve to the apex of the heart
What is the function of the left ventricle
The function of the left ventricle is that it pumps out oxygen through the aortic valve.
What is the function of the right ventricle
The function of the right ventricle is that it passes the blood onto the pulmonary artery
What is the structure of the septum
The septum is a thick structure made of muscular bands that separates the left and right ventricles and helps with cardiac function.
What is the function of the septum
The septum divides the left and right sides of the heart so it stops the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
What is the structure of the semilunar valve
The semilunar valve has a half-moon shape and consists of the endocardium and connective tissues
What is the function of the semilunar valve
The semilunar valve Prevents the back flow of blood into the ventricles when ventricles relax.
What is the structure of the Vena Cava
The vena cava is a large vein that carries blood to the heart from other areas of the body. it also has two parts the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava
What is the function of the inferior vena cava
the inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body to the right atrium.
What is the function of the superior vena cava
the superior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the right atrium
What is the function of the pulmonary vein
the pulmonary vein transports oxygenated blood from the lungs alveoli into the left atria
What is the structure of the pulmonary artery
the pulmonary artery has a shape like a capital T
What is the function of the pulmonary artery
the pulmonary artery transports deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.
what is the function of the aorta
it carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.
Why is the left side of the ventricle thicker compared to the right side
because it has to pump the blood further around the body and against higher pressure,
Cardiac muscle is myogenic.
what does myogenic mean?
Myogenic means that the heart has its own neural conduction system and does not need signals from the Central nervous system to make it contract.
What is the formula for cardiac output
heart rate x stroke volume
Where is the sinoatrial node located and what is its role in the neural control of the cardiac cycle.
the sinoatrial node is located in the wall of the right atrium. the sinoatrial node controls how fast the heart beats
what is the function of the atrioventricular node
the atrioventricular node is the gateway for electrical impulses to pass from the atria to the ventricles to initiate ventricular systole
What does the bundle of his consist of and what is its function
Bundle of his consists of specialised muscle fibres that conduct electrical impulses.
and consists of the left and right bundle branches
What is the function of the Purkinje fibres
The Purkinje fibres transmit impulses to the ventricular walls.
What are the three parts of the cardiovascular system
Blood
Blood vessels
Heart
Where is the location of the bicuspid valve
The bicuspid valve is located on the left side of the heart below the left atrium and above the left ventricle
