Structure and function of the brain Flashcards
Structure and function of spinal cord
Structure: Cylindrical structure within the vertebral column; divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions.
Function: Transmits sensory and motor signals; integrates reflexes.
Structure and function of brainstem
Structure: Includes midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
Function: Controls vital functions (respiration, heart rate) and relays signals between the brain and spinal cord.
Structure and function of cerebellum
Structure: Located posteriorly; consists of two hemispheres and a central vermis.
Function: Coordinates voluntary movement, balance, and posture.
Structure and function of diencephalon?
Thalamus: Relays sensory information to the cortex.
Subthalamus: Modulates motor control.
Hypothalamus: Regulates homeostasis, endocrine functions, and autonomic responses.
Epithalamus: Contains the pineal gland; regulates circadian rhythms.
Conditions that effect the cns and functional impacts and its location in the brain
Spinal Cord: Trauma or multiple sclerosis → paralysis, sensory deficits.
Brainstem: Stroke → respiratory failure, cranial nerve dysfunction.
Cerebellum: Lesions → ataxia (impaired coordination).
Diencephalon: Hypothalamic damage → hormonal imbalances, dysregulated temperature or hunge
structure and function of hippocampus
Structure: Located in the medial temporal lobe; consists of regions (e.g., CA1-CA3, dentate gyrus).
Function: Memory formation, spatial navigation, and learning.
structure and function of amygdala
Structure: Almond-shaped cluster of nuclei in the temporal lobe.
Function: Emotion processing (fear, aggression) and emotional memory formation.
Pathological conditions of amygdala and hippocampus
Hippocampus: Damage → memory deficits (e.g., Alzheimer’s, anterograde amnesia).
Amygdala: Dysfunction → mood disorders (e.g., anxiety, PTSD).
