Structure and function of respiratory system

Question 1

Compare between the conducting zone & the respiratory zone of airways

Answer 1

conducting zone :
- From trachea to terminal bronchioles
- Warm & moistures air , Defense against microbes & foreign bodies
- Helps in phonation
respiratory zone :
- From respiratory bronchioles to alveoli
- gas exchange

Question 2

Describe and mention the characters of lung alveoli.

Answer 2

• Lined by type I epithelial cells
• Contain type II cells ( secrete surfactant )
• Lumen contains macrophages for defense
• Alveolo-capillary membrane is : 0.5 um in thickness & 70 m2 in surface area

Question 3

Give an account on the pleural sac

Answer 3

• A double walled closed sac
• Its visceral layer covers lung
• Its parietal layer lines the thoracic wall
• contains no air & it only contains few ml of intrapleural fluid

Question 4

Describe the Non-respiratory functions of respiratory system

Answer 4

1- General functions
2- Metabolic & endocrine functions
3- Defensive functions

حاسة انهم كتير مش هينفع نكتب دا كله في شورت ايسي بس ممكن يسألونا عن كل فانكشون منهم سؤال منفصل ف هكتب تفاصيلهم في الاسئلة القادمة

Question 5

Describe the General functions of respiratory system

Answer 5

R - R - V- V - S

1) Regulation of body temperature
2) Regulation of acid-base balance
3) Venous & lymphatic return
4) Voice production
5) Smell

Question 6

Regulation of body temperature BY respiratory system through ………………….

Answer 6

heat loss

Question 7

function of respiratory system in Venous and lymphatic return through ……………………..

Answer 7

thoracic pump mechanism

Question 8

Describe the Metabolic & endocrine functions of respiratory system

Answer 8

كأنه طويل شويتين 😂
🙂بس مش مشكلة نعرفهم ممكن يسألوهم بطريقةِ ما
+ دا كوبي من الملزمة
1) Synthesis of: surfactant (local) , histamine &
prostaglandins [PG]
( blood)
2) Removal of: serotonin , some PG , A.Ch & N.Epi from blood
3) Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by angiotensin
converting enzyme [ACE]
4) Inactivation of bradykinin & other chemicals
5) Lysis of blood clot (fibrinolytic activity) by secretion of tissue
plasminogen activator
6) Filtering of blood from blood clots, chemicals & tissue debris
before returning back to the heart
7) Vascular reservoir, by accommodation of large blood, volume (from
50-70 → 500-1000 mL) during exercise & deep inspiration
Mechanism: distension of capillaries & recruitment of capillaries

Question 9

Describe the Defensive functions of respiratory system

Answer 9

1) Ig A in bronchial secretion
2) Large hair (vibrissae) in nostrils trap prevent passage of large foreign particles
3) Smaller foreign particles , stick to bronchial mucous & moved away by ciliary movement (ciliary escalator mechanism)
4) Very small particles ( less than 2 μ) reach the alveoli & phagocytosed by pulmonary alveolar macrophages

Question 10

Function of Large hair (vibrissae) in nostrils trap ?

Answer 10

prevent passage of large foreign particles (> 10 μ)

Question 11

what is the Defensive functions of respiratory system against Smaller foreign particles?

Answer 11

stick to bronchial mucous & moved away by ciliary movement (ciliary escalator mechanism)

Question 12

Describe The 1ry function of the respiratory system

Answer 12

Gas exchange:
 Gas exchange between alveolar air & blood
 For: O2 supply to tissues & removal of CO2